ArticleNucleic acids research2025
Packaged delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins accelerates genome editing.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering monosex and sterile fish for food production: from conventional methods to CRISPR-based precision.Advanced biotechnology · 2026Review
- CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing: Understanding Differences in DNA Repair Pathways, Profiles, and Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cyanine-modified ssODNs enhance CRISPR-Cas9 HDR in stem cell embryo models via chromatin and chemical modulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advances in CRISPR Base Editing: From Molecular Evolution to Therapeutic Applications in Genomic Medicine.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Bipolar CD4-targeted dual-DARPin-55/57 lipid nanoparticle enables efficient CRISPR/Cas-mediated HIV-1 DNA excision and reactivation blockade in latent CD4 T cell lines.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Metabolic Reprogramming in iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes: CRISPR-EV Synergy for Precision Cardiac Regeneration.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Advances in Engineered Virus-Like Particles for Genome Editing and Therapy.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- CRISPR-AuNP: physicochemical optimization of a gold nanoparticle platform for cost-effective and modular non-viral gene editing in HSPCs.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Engineering delivery platforms for CRISPR-Cas and their applications in healthcare, agriculture and beyond.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Coiled-coil heterodimer-mediated split base editing systems enable flexible and robust nucleotide substitutions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Allele-specific disruption of KRAS p.G12V in colorectal cancer cells using electroporated Cas9 RNPs.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Programmable molecular microscopy: CRISPR/Cas fluorescent probes revolutionizing spatiotemporal genomic imaging.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Targeted delivery of genome editors in vivo.Nature biotechnology · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Methods in Marine Teleost Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Development of programmable RNA imaging with RNA-guided GFP via click chemistry.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- A multistep platform identifies spleen-tropic lipid nanoparticles for in vivo T cell-targeted delivery of gene-editing proteins.Science advances · 2025Article
- Genome Editing by Grafting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Morphogenetic Factors as a Tool for Enhancing Plant Regeneration Capacity During In Vitro Transformation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems to Enhance Gene Editing Efficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Effective genome editing requires a sufficient dose of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to enter the target cell while minimizing immune responses, off-target editing, and cytotoxicity. Clinical use of Cas9 RNPs currently entails electroporation into cells ex vivo, but no systematic comparison of this method to packaged RNP delivery has been made. Here we compared two delivery strategies, electroporation and enveloped delivery vehicles (EDVs), to investigate the Cas9 dosage requirements for genome editing. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we determined that >1300 Cas9 RNPs per nucleus are typically required for productive genome editing. EDV-mediated editing was >30-fold more efficient than electroporation, and editing occurs at least 2-fold faster for EDV delivery at comparable total Cas9 RNP doses. We hypothesize that differences in efficacy between these methods result in part from the increased duration of RNP nuclear residence resulting from EDV delivery. Our results directly compare RNP delivery strategies, showing that packaged delivery could dramatically reduce the amount of CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs required for experimental or clinical genome editing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.