Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40036341›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of infectious diseases2025

Persistence of Vaccine Serotype Carriage and Differences in Pneumococcal Carriage by Laboratory Method and Sample Type in Indigenous Individuals in the Southwest United States.

Lindsay R Grant, Catherine G Sutcliffe, Shea Littlepage, Ronika Alexander-Parrish, Ladonna Becenti, Raul E Isturiz, Michael R Jacobs, Katherine L O'Brien, Dennie Parker Riley, Mathuram Santosham and 4 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Lindsay R GrantCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-4538-6424
Catherine G SutcliffeCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Shea LittlepageCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-2130-0972
Ronika Alexander-ParrishVaccines, Medical Development and Scientific Clinical Affairs, Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania.ORCID 0000-0003-0932-7467
Ladonna BecentiCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Raul E IsturizVaccines, Medical Development and Scientific Clinical Affairs, Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania.
Michael R JacobsDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.ORCID 0000-0002-4235-7855
Katherine L O'BrienCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Dennie Parker RileyCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Mathuram SantoshamCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Carol TsoCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Jorge E VidalHubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Robert C WeatherholtzCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Laura L HammittCenter for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-6051-1484

Funding

Johns Hopkins School of Public HealthPfizer
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn the United States, the invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in Indigenous populations is higher than in the general population. Molecular detection and/or specimen sampling from multiple body sites could enhance our understanding of pneumococcal carriage, a prerequisite for disease.

methodsPersons aged <5 and ≥18 years from the Navajo Nation and White Mountain Apache Tribal lands were enrolled in an observational carriage study from October 2015 through September 2017. Swabs from the nasopharynx (all participants) and oropharynx (adults only) were collected and tested by enriched culture or molecular methods (lytA and piaB polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). Cultured Streptococcus pneumoniae was serotyped by sequencing. PCR-positive samples were serotyped by 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)-type PCR and TaqMan array card PCR.

resultsAn overall 1503 participants were enrolled (age <5 years, n = 600; ≥18 years, n = 903). Among children, pneumococcal positivity was similar by culture (49.5%) and PCR (50.8%); PCV13-type carriage was 8.0% by any method. Among adults, oropharyngeal swab positivity by PCR was 18.5%, an increase when compared with cultured oropharyngeal swabs (0.6%) and nasopharyngeal swabs by culture (7.9%) or PCR (5.3%); PCV13-type carriage by any sample or method was 8.0%.

conclusionsPCV13-type carriage persists in Indigenous populations. Use of molecular methods and oropharyngeal swabs for adults increased carriage prevalence estimates.

Indexed as

Carrier StatePneumococcal InfectionsPneumococcal VaccinesStreptococcus pneumoniaeAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansIndians, North AmericanInfantMaleMiddle AgedNasopharynx13-valent pneumococcal vaccinePneumococcal VaccinescarriageIndigenouspneumococcusStreptococcus pneumoniaeTAC PCR

Identifiers

PMID40036341
PMCPMC12247795

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.