Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40035293›Full record

GuidelineMagnetic resonance in medicine2025

Considerations and recommendations from the ISMRM diffusion study group for preclinical diffusion MRI: Part 2-Ex vivo imaging: Added value and acquisition.

Kurt G Schilling, Francesco Grussu, Andrada Ianus, Brian Hansen, Amy F D Howard, Rachel L C Barrett, Manisha Aggarwal, Stijn Michielse, Fatima Nasrallah, Warda Syeda and 48 more

Abstract readPractice Guideline
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Development and assessment of anImaging science in dentistry · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

58 authors.

Kurt G SchillingRadiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-7645
Francesco GrussuRadiomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
Andrada IanusChampalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
Brian HansenCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Amy F D HowardDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Rachel L C BarrettDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Manisha AggarwalRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Stijn MichielseDepartment of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Fatima NasrallahThe Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
Warda SyedaMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Nian WangDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Jelle VeraartCenter for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Alard RoebroeckFaculty of psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Andrew F BagdasarianDepartment of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Cornelius EichnerDepartment of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Farshid SepehrbandUSC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jan ZimmermannDepartment of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Lucas SoustelleAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France.
Christien BowmanBio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Benjamin C TendlerWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andreea HertanuDepartment of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ben Jeurissenimec Vision Lab, Dept. of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Marleen VerhoyeBio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Lucio FrydmanDepartment of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Yohan van de LooijDivision of Child Development & Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.
David HikeDepartment of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Jeff F DunnDepartment of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Karla MillerFMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bennett A LandmanDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University.
Noam ShemeshChampalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
Adam AndersonVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Emilie McKinnonMedical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Shawna FarquharsonNational Imaging Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Flavio Dell'AcquaDepartment of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Carlo PierpaoliLaboratory on Quantitative Medical imaging, NIBIB, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Ivana DrobnjakDepartment of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
Alexander LeemansPROVIDI Lab, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Kevin D HarkinsRadiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Maxime DescoteauxSherbrooke Connectivity Imaing Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Duan XuDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Hao HuangDepartment of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mathieu D SantinCentre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
Samuel C GrantDepartment of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Andre ObenausDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Gene S KimDepartment of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
Dan WuKey Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Denis Le BihanCEA, DRF, JOLIOT, NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Stephen J BlackbandDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Luisa CiobanuNeuroSpin, UMR CEA/CNRS 9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Els FieremansDepartment of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Ruiliang BaiInterdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Trygve B LeergaardDepartment of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Jiangyang ZhangDepartment of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Tim B DyrbyDanish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager & Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
G Allan JohnsonDuke Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Julien Cohen-AdadNeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Matthew D BuddeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Ileana O JelescuDepartment of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-0195

Funding

TR&D 4: Revealing Microstructure: Biophysical modeling and validation for discovery and clinical careP41EB017183 · NIBIB · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Christopher M Collins · 2014 to 2026
$19.3M
Viral Innovation CoreP30DA048742 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Paul G Mermelstein · 2020 to 2026
$19.0M
TRD4 - Ultrahigh Field Engineering and SafetyP41EB027061 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Gregory John Metzger, KAMIL UGURBIL · 2019 to 2026
$11.7M
DCE MRI Study for Breast Cancer.R01CA160620 · NCI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI KIM, SUNGHEON GENE · 2012 to 2023
$5.4M
Controlling Quality and Capturing Uncertainty in Advanced Diffusion Weighted MRIR01EB017230 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI LANDMAN, BENNETT A. · 2015 to 2024
$5.1M
Characterization of Whole Brain Demyelination and Axon Damage Using High-resolution Magnetic Resonance ImagingR01NS125020 · NINDS · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI Nian Wang · 2022 to 2026
$2.0M
Connectome style neuroimaging in non human primates via novel integrated RF platformsR01EB031765 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ZIMMERMANN, JAN · 2022 to 2025
$1.9M
Imaging platform and computational HARDI atlas of the human hippocampusR01AG057991 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI AGGARWAL, MANISHA · 2018 to 2022
$1.8M
MRI Toolbox for Rodent Brain Microstructure ImagingR01EB019980 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI DOES, MARK D · 2016 to 2019
$1.8M
Noninvasive Spinal Cord Perfusion Techniques with MRIR01NS109090 · NINDS · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI BUDDE, MATTHEW D · 2019 to 2023
$1.7M
Uncovering the time dependent diffusion coefficient in neural tissue with MRIR01EB031954 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI HARKINS, KEVIN D · 2021 to 2024
$1.5M
Microstructure and connectivity modeling from the cortex to the spinal cord in Multiple SclerosisK01EB032898 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI SCHILLING, KURT G · 2022 to 2025
$630k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA160620NIA NIH HHS R01 AG057991NIBIB NIH HHS K01 EB032898NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB017183NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB027061NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB017230NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB019980NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB031765NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB031954NIBIB NIH HHS R56 EB031765NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA048742NIH HHS K01EB032898NIH HHS R01AG057991NIH HHS R01CA160620NIH HHS R01EB017230NIH HHS R01EB019980NIH HHS R01EB031765NIH HHS R01EB031954NIH HHS R01NS109090NIH HHS R01NS125020NIH HHS R56EB031765NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS109090NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS125020Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 202788/Z/16/AWellcome Trust 203139/A/16/ZWellcome Trust 203139/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The value of preclinical diffusion MRI (dMRI) is substantial. While dMRI enables in vivo non-invasive characterization of tissue, ex vivo dMRI is increasingly being used to probe tissue microstructure and brain connectivity. Ex vivo dMRI has several experimental advantages including higher SNR and spatial resolution compared to in vivo studies, and enabling more advanced diffusion contrasts for improved microstructure and connectivity characterization. Another major advantage of ex vivo dMRI is the direct comparison with histological data, as a crucial methodological validation. However, there are a number of considerations that must be made when performing ex vivo experiments. The steps from tissue preparation, image acquisition and processing, and interpretation of results are complex, with many decisions that not only differ dramatically from in vivo imaging of small animals, but ultimately affect what questions can be answered using the data. This work represents "Part 2" of a three-part series of recommendations and considerations for preclinical dMRI. We describe best practices for dMRI of ex vivo tissue, with a focus on the value that ex vivo imaging adds to the field of dMRI and considerations in ex vivo image acquisition. We first give general considerations and foundational knowledge that must be considered when designing experiments. We briefly describe differences in specimens and models and discuss why some may be more or less appropriate for different studies. We then give guidelines for ex vivo protocols, including tissue fixation, sample preparation, and MR scanning. In each section, we attempt to provide guidelines and recommendations, but also highlight areas for which no guidelines exist (and why), and where future work should lie. An overarching goal herein is to enhance the rigor and reproducibility of ex vivo dMRI acquisitions and analyses, and thereby advance biomedical knowledge.

Indexed as

BrainDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingImage Processing, Computer-AssistedAnimalsHumansReproducibility of ResultsSignal-To-Noise Ratioacquisitionbest practicesdiffusion MRIdiffusion tensorex vivomicrostructureopen sciencepreclinicalprocessingtractography

Identifiers

PMID40035293
PMCPMC11971501

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.