Rhabdomyosarcoma with pancreatic metastases: A case report.

Background: Pancreatic metastasis, particularly as the primary site of metastasis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), is exceedingly rare, leading to a lack of relevant literature and research studies due to its extreme rarity. Moreover, its clinical presentation closely mimics pancreatitis, posing significant challenges in early clinical detection and diagnosis. Case demonstration: A 44-year-old male patient of Han ethnicity in China with a history of RMS originating from the right paranasal sinus underwent regular postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans, suggest the possibility of pancreatitis or tumor metastasis. Eventually, a pancreatic puncture biopsy confirmed RMS with pancreatic metastasis. Following diagnosis, the patient was transferred to the Cancer Hospital for scheduled chemoradiotherapy. Conclusions: Given the clinical resemblance to pancreatitis, Due to the rarity of pancreatic rhabdomyosarcoma, there is no experience in cytological diagnosis, and there are great diagnostic challenges in cytological diagnosis of RMS. Definitive diagnosis relies heavily on pathological biopsy. Therefore, more cases warrant collection for a comprehensive investigation into the clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of this rare condition.