Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40034023›Full record

ArticleHealth services research2025

Disabled Patients' Experiences of Healthcare Services in a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults.

Elizabeth M Stone, Sofia Bonsignore, Stephen Crystal, Hillary Samples

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07609238 (A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Training Programs Designed to Improve Awareness, Attitudes, and Empathy Toward Individuals With Disabilities in Nursing Students), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07609238 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Training Programs Designed to Improve Awareness, Attitudes, and Empathy Toward Individuals With Disabilities in Nursing Students

TypeinterventionalSponsorBaskent UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled66ConditionsSimulation Training, Students, Nursing, Attitude, Empathy SkillsArmsDisability Awareness Education, Virtual Reality Group, Standart Patient Group
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Elizabeth M StoneRutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-1499
Sofia BonsignoreDepartment of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Stephen CrystalRutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Hillary SamplesRutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-3705

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine patient-reported experiences of healthcare services by disability status. STUDY SETTING AND

designWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) measures of overall healthcare satisfaction, timeliness of care, and patient-provider interactions to assess differences by disability status and, among those with a disability, between those with sensory, physical, cognitive, or multiple disabilities. DATA SOURCES AND ANALYTIC SAMPLE: CAHPS measures included in the 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for U.S. adults. PRINCIPAL

findingsPeople with disabilities reported significantly lower ratings of healthcare services compared to the general population (7.98, 95% CI: 7.89-8.08 vs. 8.38, 95% CI: 8.34-8.43 on a scale of 0 [worst] to 10 [best]), with the lowest satisfaction among people with multiple disabilities (7.87, 95% CI: 7.72-8.02). Disabled people reported worse experiences on all measures compared to people without disabilities. People with physical, cognitive, and multiple disabilities reported significantly worse experiences of healthcare services than those with sensory disabilities.

conclusionsIn a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, disabled people reported lower satisfaction with healthcare services, less timely care, and worse provider interactions than people without disabilities. Changes to policy and practice are needed to improve healthcare experiences for disabled people.

Indexed as

access/demand/utilization of servicesdisabilityhealth care disparitiespatient assessment/satisfaction

Identifiers

PMID40034023
PMCPMC12277124

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.