ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2025
Distribution and association of depression with tobacco consumption among middle-aged and elderly Indian population: nested multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey.
Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Understanding Gender Gaps in Tobacco Consumption among Middle-Aged and Elderly Indians: Decomposition Analysis of LASI 2017-18.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Associations of physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity with health service utilisation and catastrophic health expenditure among middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study in China.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Depression and Multimorbidity among Older Indians Residing in Front-Runner, Achiever and Aspirant States: Insight from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) - Wave I.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Article
- Patterns of exclusive, dual and poly tobacco products use among cancer survivors in the United States.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Prevalence and predictors of tobacco use among older people in Eastern Nepal: a community-based study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Depression, Functional Dependence, and Oral Health: Evidence from a Clinical Study of Older Spanish Adults.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence, associated factors, and machine learning-based prediction of probable depression among individuals with chronic diseases in Bangladesh.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Decomposition analysis of coverage of cervical cancer screening among Indian women within reproductive age-group: distribution and determinants of socioeconomic inequalities using a nationally representative survey.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Assessing the global burden of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis using multiple statistical models: analysis and future projections.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundResearch on the distribution and association of depression with tobacco consumption among young population is commonly prioritised in India, while studies on tobacco use among middle-aged (45-59 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) adults are noticeably lacking. Thus, we conducted this study with the objectives of estimating the prevalence, distribution and determining the association of depression and tobacco consumption among middle-aged and elderly Indian population; overall and stratified into age group, gender, and geographical location.
methodsUsing dataset from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), a bivariate analysis was conducted among middle-aged (45-59 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) Indians to estimate the prevalence of depression and tobacco consumption. States and Union Territories were categorised as low, medium, and high as per prevalence of depression and tobacco consumption, and spatial distribution maps were created. To reduce the confounding effects of demographic & socioeconomic and health-related & behavioural covariates; propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted. Nested multilevel regression modelling was employed to explore the association between depression (outcome variable) and tobacco consumption (explanatory variable) using STATA version 17. The p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultsOverall, 36.78% (36.03-37.55%) participants documented using any form of tobacco; with higher consumption of smokeless tobacco (SLT) (19.88%) than smoking (SM) (13.92%). The overall prevalence of depression was 7.62% irrespective of tobacco consumption, and 8.51% among participants consuming any form of tobacco. Mizoram had the highest consumption of tobacco in any form (78.21%), whereas Madhya Pradesh recorded the highest (14.62%) depression prevalence. Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Uttarakhand had both high prevalence of depression and any form of tobacco consumption. The average estimated treatment effect (ATE) indicated a positive association both between depression and any form of tobacco consumption (p value = 0.001) and with smokeless tobacco (p value = 0.001) consumption. Participants ever consuming any form of tobacco had 28% higher odds (aOR-1.28 (1.18-1.38). The odds of having depression were higher among females (aOR = 1.28 (1.17-1.41); richest (aOR-1.48 (1.32-1.65); living alone (aOR = 1.14 (1.01-1.33). Participants with comorbidity (aOR = 1.20 (1.10-1.30) and multimorbidity (aOR = 1.24 (1.13-1.36)) had higher odds of depression.
conclusionThe study has established significant positive association between depression and tobacco consumption stratified into gender and age group. Prioritisation of mental health disorders like depression and tobacco prevention and cessation programmes must be implemented with focusing on females and the middle-aged population with community awareness and intersectoral collaborative effort irrespective of subnational-variations.
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