Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40033338›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuroinflammation2025

How the gut microbiota impacts neurodegenerative diseases by modulating CNS immune cells.

Philipp Schaible, Julia Henschel, Daniel Erny

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Neuroglobin: A New Player in the Gut-Brain Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Association of the Planetary Health Diet with dementia risk and brain pathology.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  9. [Research progress on the mechanism and potential applications of gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in ischemic stroke].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Long Term Culture of Germ-Free Zebrafish Using Gamma-Irradiated Feeds.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Philipp Schaible *Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
Julia Henschel *Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
Daniel ErnyInstitute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. daniel.erny@uniklinik-freiburg.de.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 259373024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles are two key histological features resulting in progressive and irreversible neuronal loss and cognitive decline. The macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) belong to the innate immune system and comprise parenchymal microglia and CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs) at the CNS interfaces (leptomeninges, perivascular space and choroid plexus). Microglia and CAMs have received attention as they may play a key role in disease onset and progression e. g., by clearing amyloid beta (Aβ) through phagocytosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed that human microglia and CAMs express numerous risk genes for AD, further highlighting their potentially critical role in AD pathogenesis. Microglia and CAMs are tightly controlled by environmental factors, such as the host microbiota. Notably, it was further reported that the composition of the gut microbiota differed between AD patients and healthy individuals. Hence, emerging studies have analyzed the impact of gut bacteria in different preclinical mouse models for AD as well as in clinical studies, potentially enabling promising new therapeutic options.

Indexed as

Central Nervous SystemGastrointestinal MicrobiomeMacrophagesMicrogliaNeurodegenerative DiseasesAlzheimer DiseaseAnimalsHumansAlzheimer’s diseaseAstrocytesBAMsCAMsCNS macrophagesMicrobiotaMicrogliaSCFAs

Identifiers

PMID40033338
PMCPMC11877772

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.