ArticleMalaria journal2025
Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin.
Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Malaria transmission dynamics, vector diversity, and insecticide resistance profiles in two health districts of southern Benin.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- An investigation of malaria vector populations in Turkana, Kenya to understand the potential impact of insecticide-treated nets.npj entomology · 2026Article
- What is the potential impact of insecticide treated nets in a semi-arid region of northern Kenya? An investigation of vector populations prior to ITN roll-out in Turkana, Kenya.Research square · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsecticide resistance amongst vector populations is a major challenge, exacerbated by the continued use of the same active ingredients. The present study assessed the impact of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) bi-treated with chlorfenapyr-alphacypermethrin (PY-CFP LLIN) or pyriproxyfen-alphacypermethrin (PY-PPF LLIN) on the genetic structure of resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in 60 clusters divided into three arms from three districts in southern Benin.
methodsThe study was conducted between September 2019 and October 2021 in 123 villages grouped in 60 clusters. Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using human landing catches (HLCs) in 4 households in each cluster every 3 months. After morphological identification, a subsample of An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was analysed by PCR to detect the molecular species and the presence of L1014F vgsc-kdr and G119S-ace-1 mutations.
resultsAnopheles coluzzii (56.9%) and An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (42.8%), with a few hybrids (0.2%), were identified within 4242 samples of An. gambiae tested. The frequency of L1014F vgsc-kdr decreased in An. coluzzii collected both indoors and outdoors locations in the PY-CFP LLIN and PY-PPF LLIN arms post-intervention compared to baseline. In An. gambiae, the frequency of the L1014F allele decreased in year one but increased above baseline in year 2. In both species, the allelic frequency of G119S-ace-1 was < 10%. For L1014F vgsc-kdr, the fixation index was positive (F
conclusionThe frequency of the L1014F vgsc-kdr resistance allele was high, while that of the G119S-ace-1 allele was low throughout the study period. Consistent changes in allele frequencies were not observed in any of the treatment arms suggesting that the pyrethroid component of dual AI (active ingredients) nets continues to select for the resistant allele and there is little if any evidence that the non-pyrethroid insecticide selects for the wild-type kdr allele.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.