Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40032931›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal (HMs) contamination and associated health risks in agricultural soils and groundwater proximal to industrial sites.

Saeed Sharafi, Fatemeh Salehi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Impact Assessment and Sustainable Remediation of Heavy Metal and Radioactive Contamination in Aquatic Systems: A Review.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026
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  13. Decoding heavy metals (CdScientific reports · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Saeed SharafiDepartment of Environment Science and Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran. s-sharafi@araku.ac.ir.
Fatemeh SalehiDepartment of Environment Science and Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Industrial waste significantly impacts water and soil quality, restricting their suitability for agricultural and domestic use. This study investigates the distribution of heavy metals (HMs) in groundwater and soils across the Shazand plain under different irrigation methods and rainfed farming systems. It evaluates the Total Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Carcinogenic Risk (TCR) associated with HMs for both children and adults, considering exposure through ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. A total of 104 samples were collected, comprising water samples from wells and boreholes, and soil samples. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg, Zn, and Cu were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry, and the data were assessed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The highest average concentrations of HMs in groundwater samples were observed for Cr (19 µg l

Indexed as

GroundwaterIndustrial WasteMetals, HeavySoilSoil PollutantsWater Pollutants, ChemicalAdultAgricultureChildEnvironmental MonitoringHumansRisk AssessmentIndustrial WasteMetals, HeavySoilSoil PollutantsWater Pollutants, ChemicalCarcinogenic risk assessmentGroundwater qualityHeavy metals contaminationIndustrial impactSoil pollution

Identifiers

PMID40032931
PMCPMC11876665

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.