Impact of a Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training Program on the Management of Patients With Acute Respiratory or Circulatory Failure by In-Training Emergency Department Residents (IMPULSE): Before-and-After Implementation Study.

Background: Due to its diagnostic accuracy, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming more frequently used in the emergency department (ED), but the feasibility of its use by in-training residents and the potential clinical impact have not been assessed. Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing a structured POCUS training program for in-training ED residents, as well as the clinical impact of their use of POCUS in the management of patients in the ED. Methods: IMPULSE (Impact of a Point-of Care Ultrasound Examination) is a before-and-after implementation study evaluating the impact of a structured POCUS training program for ED residents on the management of patients admitted with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and/or circulatory failure (ACF) in a Swiss regional hospital. The training curriculum was organized into 3 steps and consisted of a web-based training course; an 8-hour, practical, hands-on session; and 10 supervised POCUS examinations. ED residents who successfully completed the curriculum participated in the postimplementation phase of the study. Outcomes were time to ED diagnosis, rate and time to correct diagnosis in the ED, time to prescribe appropriate treatment, and in-hospital mortality. Standard statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests as appropriate, supplemented by Bayesian analysis, with a Bayes factor (BF)>3 considered significant. Results: A total of 69 and 54 patients were included before and after implementation of the training program, respectively. The median time to ED diagnosis was 25 (IQR 15-60) minutes after implementation versus 30 (IQR 10-66) minutes before implementation, a difference that was significant in the Bayesian analysis (BF=9.6). The rate of correct diagnosis was higher after implementation (51/54, 94% vs 36/69, 52%; P<.001), with a significantly shorter time to correct diagnosis after implementation (25, IQR 15-60 min vs 43, IQR 11-70 min; BF=5.0). The median time to prescribe the appropriate therapy was shorter after implementation (47, IQR 25-101 min vs 70, IQR 20-120 min; BF=2.0). Finally, there was a significant difference in hospital mortality (9/69, 13% vs 3/54, 6%; BF=15.7). Conclusions: The IMPULSE study shows that the implementation of a short, structured POCUS training program for ED residents is not only feasible but also has a significant impact on their initial evaluation of patients with ARF and/or ACF, improving diagnostic accuracy, time to correct diagnosis, and rate of prescribing the appropriate therapy and possibly decreasing hospital mortality. These results should be replicated in other settings to provide further evidence that implementation of a short, structured POCUS training curriculum could significantly impact ED management of patients with ARF and/or ACF.