ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2025
Metastatic Melanoma Treatment and Prophylaxis with S100A9-Targeting Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Metastatic cancer continues to be the main cause of cancer-related death, and new therapies must be continuously researched to eradicate these cancers. Immunotherapy aims to stimulate the patient's own immune system to recognize and eliminate tumors and metastatic sites. A particular powerful approach is the use of immunostimulatory agents to reprogram the tumor microenvironment from "cold" to "hot" to prime systemic antitumor immunity. Plant viruses have been investigated for this purpose because their repetitive coat protein structures with encapsidated nucleic acids render them potent immunostimulatory agents. In particular, the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has been found to be a potent anticancer agent when injected intratumorally. However, metastatic cancers cannot be injected in situ, and therefore a systemically administered CPMV prevention and treatment option that is targeted to S100A9 was developed. S100A9 is an immunostimulatory protein that regulates metastatic cancer seeding and growth, thereby making it an attractive target for both prevention and treatment. Protocols for the production and characterization of S100A9-targeted CPMV nanoparticles are described and in vivo experiments that can be carried out to assess the efficacy of the S100A9-targeted CPMV nanoparticles in the prevention and treatment of metastatic melanoma to the lung are detailed. Finally, instructions for flow cytometry analysis of the innate immune cell composition within the lungs following S100A9-targeted CPMV administration are provided.
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