Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40029323›Full record

ArticleExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2025

Differential discounting of past and future gains and losses in individuals in recovery from substance use disorder.

Rafaela M Fontes, Ana Carolina L Bovo, Roberta Freitas-Lemos, Warren K Bickel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Associations Between Steep Delay Discounting and Punishment Learning.Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rafaela M FontesFralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion.ORCID 0000-0002-9736-2854
Ana Carolina L BovoFralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion.
Roberta Freitas-LemosFralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion.
Warren K BickelFralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion.ORCID 0000-0002-1048-7372

Funding

An Experimental Medicine Approach for the Mechanistic Understanding of Cocaine Use Disorder: Reinforcer PathologyR01DA054216 · NIDA · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI STEPHEN M LACONTE · 2022 to 2026
$3.5M
Testing Reinforcer Pathology: Mechanisms and Interventions to Change Alcohol ValuationR01AA027381 · NIAAA · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI LACONTE, STEPHEN M · 2019 to 2023
$3.5M
Development of an Integrated Framework of Abuse Liability and Toxicity Across Tobacco and Nicotine ProductsK01CA279490 · NCI · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI Roberta Freitas-Lemos · 2023 to 2026
$620k
National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of Health; National Institute on Drug AbuseNCI NIH HHS K01 CA279490NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA027381NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA054216Virginia Tech Carilion; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) show consistently higher delay discounting (DD) rates than controls for both future and past outcomes, as well as for gains and losses. However, differences in these DD effects (e.g., tense and sign) among individuals in SUD recovery have yet to be explored. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to (a) investigate differences in discounting of past and future gains and losses among individuals in SUD recovery and (b) examine differences in these DD effects between individuals in different stages of remission (i.e., not in remission, in early remission, or in sustained remission). Our results indicate that individuals in recovery discount past and future gains, but not losses, symmetrically. Additionally, individuals in recovery discount gains more than losses (i.e., sign effect) for the future but not for the past. Finally, those in sustained remission showed significantly lower DD rates than those not in remission, regardless of the DD task. Thus, other discounting tasks might provide a similarly accurate measure of DD and can be employed to assess differences in discounting between those in remission and those not in remission. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Delay DiscountingSubstance-Related DisordersAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRewardYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40029323
PMCPMC12097954

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.