Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40028574›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2025

Physicochemical and sensory quality of breakfast cereals produced from flour blends of maize and pigeon pea.

Clement Chinedum Ezegbe, Smith G Nkhata, Ekpeno Sunday Ukpong, Mary Chikodili Ezeh, Kalu Sunday Okocha, Bernard Femi Pedro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Clement Chinedum EzegbeDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Smith G NkhataDepartment of Agriculture and Food Systems, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Ekpeno Sunday UkpongDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Madonna University, Akpugo Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Mary Chikodili EzehDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Kalu Sunday OkochaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Bernard Femi PedroDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breakfast cereals offer affordable, quick and convenient meal options. This study examined the proximate, techno-functional, mineral and sensory qualities of breakfast cereals produced from a flour blend of maize and pigeon peas. Maize flour was substituted with pigeon pea flour at 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % levels. The composite flours (100 g), sugar (25 g), salt (5 g) and water (50 ml) were mixed to form a paste, baked at 110 °C for 1 h then cooled. The proximate composition, techno-functional properties, minerals and sensory quality were evaluated. With increase in pigeon pea flour incorporation, there were increase in crude protein from 10.93 to 14.30 %, ash from 1.56 to 3.11 % while crude fibre from 1.25 to 3.37 %. In contrast, there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in water absorption capacity from 361.30 to 181.83 %. With 50 % pigeon pea flour incorporation, calcium significantly increased from 27.95 to 44.55 mg/100g while iron and magnesium decreased from 3.92 to 2.16 mg/100g and 75.07 to 63.16 mg/100g, respectively. Breakfast cereal containing maize:pigeon pea flour in the ratio 80:20 and 70:30 generally had the highest mean sensory scores on a 7-point Hedonic scale. This suggests that maize flour can be substituted with pigeon pea up to 30 % without producing significant changes in the sensory quality.

Indexed as

FunctionalMineralPigeon peaProteinProximate composition

Identifiers

PMID40028574
PMCPMC11872418

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.