Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40028515›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2025

Taguchi Grey relational analysis (GRA) based multi response optimization of flammability, comfort and mechanical properties in station suits.

Hafsa Jamshaid, Awais Ahmad Khan, Rajesh Kumar Mishra, Naseer Ahmad, Vijay Chandan, Viktor Kolář, Miroslav Müller

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hafsa JamshaidSchool of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Sheikhupura Road, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan.
Awais Ahmad KhanSchool of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Sheikhupura Road, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan.
Rajesh Kumar MishraDepartment of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
Naseer AhmadSchool of Sciences, National Textile University, Sheikhupura Road, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan.
Vijay ChandanDepartment of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
Viktor KolářDepartment of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
Miroslav MüllerDepartment of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fire fighters' stations suits are expected to have adequate flame resistance for protection of the wearer. At the same time the comfort of wearing is essential to prevent fatigue and to maintain the efficiency during long working hours. Therefore, it is essential to balance these multi responses in a scientific manner. This study explores the multi-response optimization of fiber blend composition and knitted structures on the responses like flammability, comfort, and serviceability/mechanical properties, for the development of fire-resistant fabrics. Inherently fire-resistant (FR) fibers like meta-aramid Nomex, FR-Viscose, modacrylic (Protex) and carbon/Pyron fibers (Zoltek) were used in different blends to form yarns. Interlock derivative knitted structures like Cross Relief, Cross Miss and Vertical Tubular were developed. The results have been analyzed using Taguchi Grey relational analysis (GRA) for multi-response optimization. The analysis revealed that the sample with the blend of 70/30 % Protex/Nomex fiber and a Cross-relief structure ranked the best sample in terms of required performance. The percentage contribution of each factor was analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0.05) and visualized using a pie chart. While Factor B (Knitted Structure) demonstrated the highest variance contribution (42.3 %), it was not statistically significant based on the p-value and F-ratio from ANOVA results. The findings of this study are useful for designing flame-resistant uniforms/Station garment for firefighters without compromising wearing comfort so that the efficiency of the workers will not be compromised.

Indexed as

Analysis of varianceFire-resistant fabricsFlammabilityGrey relational analysis (GRA)Station suitsThermo-physiological comfort

Identifiers

PMID40028515
PMCPMC11869111

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.