Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40027547›Full record

ArticleCurrent research in toxicology2025

New approach methodologies to assess wanted and unwanted drugs-induced immunostimulation.

Valeria Bettinsoli, Gloria Melzi, Irene Marchese, Sofia Pantaleoni, Francesca Carlotta Passoni, Emanuela Corsini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current research in toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Valeria BettinsoliDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy.
Gloria MelziDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy.
Irene MarcheseDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy.
Sofia PantaleoniDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy.
Francesca Carlotta PassoniDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy.
Emanuela CorsiniDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review examines various classes of drugs, focusing on their therapeutic and adverse effects, particularly in relation to immunostimulation. We emphasize the potential of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to study both expected and unexpected immunostimulatory effects. By evaluating the modes of action of different immunostimulatory drugs, we aim to provide insights into effectively assessing unwanted immunostimulatory responses. The review begins by exploring drugs that stimulate the immune system-including immunostimulants, monoclonal antibodies, chemotherapeutics, and nucleic acid-based drugs-to outline NAMs that could be employed to evaluate immunostimulation.

Indexed as

Adverse effectImmune systemImmunostimulationIn vitroNew approach methodologies

Identifiers

PMID40027547
PMCPMC11872130

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.