Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40026850›Full record

ArticleGlobal health & medicine2025

Analysis of the toxic and lethal doses of one over-the-counter drug product in humans and the ingredients that may be abused: Building a drug database to prevent drug overdoses.

Kazuki Nagashima, Rin Tanaka, Miyu Nakahara, Asuka Omori, Machiko Watanabe, Yuko Sekine

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Global health & medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kazuki NagashimaLaboratory of Practical Pharmacy, Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Rin TanakaLaboratory of Practical Pharmacy, Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Miyu NakaharaLaboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Asuka OmoriLaboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Machiko WatanabeLaboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuko SekineLaboratory of Practical Pharmacy, Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pharmacists who provide medication to patients immediately before they overdose should intervene appropriately; however, little information exists on the types and amounts of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs that are dangerous. This study investigated the toxicity and characteristics of overdosing on a single package of commercially available OTC drugs in humans. We researched 14,107 OTC drugs. The number of products that could contain a lethal dose if taken as a single package was 1,223 (8.7%) and a toxic dose was 2,982 (21.1%). A single product containing a lethal dose to humans by therapeutic category included skin drugs (

Indexed as

databaselethal doseoverdoseover-the-counter drugpharmacisttoxic dose

Identifiers

PMID40026850
PMCPMC11866902

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.