ArticleCancer medicine2025
Association Between Depression and Lung Cancer Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn recent years, the association between depression and various chronic diseases has attracted widespread attention. However, the effect of depression on lung cancer incidence has not been well studied. This study aimed to explore whether depression increases the incidence of lung cancer and to analyze the mediating and moderating roles of smoking in this relationship.
methodsThis study used large-scale longitudinal data sourced from the Women's Health Initiative, encompassing 123,961 postmenopausal women. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item Burnam regression algorithm with a cut-point of 0.06, and depression was defined as either depressive symptoms or antidepressant use at baseline. The relationship between depression and lung cancer incidence was examined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. A four-way decomposition causal mediation approach was employed to investigate the potential mediating and moderating effects of smoking.
resultsAfter a mean follow-up of 17.6 years, 3434 cases of lung cancer were identified. The incidence rate of lung cancer was higher among individuals with depression compared to those without (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.26). Cigarette smoking partially mediated the relationship between depression and lung cancer incidence, explaining about 27% of the association effect.
conclusionsThis study identified a significant association between depression and lung cancer incidence, and smoking partially mediates this relationship. This highlights that managing depression may play a key role in reducing lung cancer risk and decreasing tobacco use. Psychological support should be integrated with traditional smoking cessation programs for lung cancer prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.