SynthesisJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2025
Spatiotemporal and kinematic gait changes in flexible flatfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neuromuscular characteristics of individuals with chronic ankle instability during unilateral landing tasks: a meta-analysis of electromyographic studies.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of fatigue on kinetic and kinematic variables in individuals with flexible flatfoot during gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Foot Progression Angle Modulates Knee Loading During Walking in Individuals with Flexible Flatfoot.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Flexible Flatfoot-Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects: A Review Focused on Less-Invasive Surgical Treatment in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immediate effects of joint- versus soft-tissue-oriented manual therapy on lower-limb function and muscle mechanics in individuals with flexible pes planus: a randomized controlled trial.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Gait Alterations in Flatfoot Compared to Healthy Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Foot Progression Angle Modulates Three-Dimensional Lower-Limb Biomechanics in Flexible Flatfoot: Kinematic-Kinetic Patterns and Clinical Implications.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Article
- Sinus Tarsi Morphometry Is Correlated with Flatfoot Severity on Weight-Bearing CT.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Accessible 2D video-based system for gait kinematic analysis: an inter-rater reliability study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Effects of excess bodyweight and flexible Flatfoot on female stance-phase lower-limb biomechanics assessed by statistical non-parametric mapping.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and functional impact of flexible flatfoot in school-aged children: a cross-sectional clinical and postural assessment.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesFoot postural alignment is linked to changes in gait patterns. This review aimed to compare spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of the lower extremities in individuals with and without flexible flatfoot.
methodsUnder PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for original and peer-reviewed articles with selected keywords from inception to November 2024. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Statistical analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3. To evaluate data heterogeneity, the Q-test and I² statistic were applied. Egger's test was used to assess publication bias.
resultsAfter searching the mentioned databases, 5309 articles were found. Finally, sixteen articles were included in the current review. A significant difference was found between the two groups in ankle inversion (effect size; 0.291, 95% CI = 0.053_0.053, P = 0.017), eversion (effect size; -0.568, 95% CI= -0.784_-0.352, P = 0.001), and hip flexion (effect size; -0.348, 95% CI= -0.576_-0.120, P = 0.003). Also, stride length (effect size; 0.658, 95% CI = 0.184_1.133, P = 0.007) and gait speed (effect size; 0.447, 95% CI = 0.120_0.774, P = 0.007) significantly differed between the two groups.
conclusionThis study indicated that subjects with flatfoot exhibited alterations in the inversion, eversion, hip flexion, stride length, and walking speed compared to neutral foot participants and demonstrated a distinct gait pattern throughout the entire gait cycle. Health specialists are advised to consider these findings when prescribing prevention and rehabilitation programs for musculoskeletal deformities in individuals with flexible flatfoot.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.