Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40025556›Full record

ArticleAlgorithms for molecular biology : AMB2025

Mem-based pangenome indexing for k-mer queries.

Stephen Hwang, Nathaniel K Brown, Omar Y Ahmed, Katharine M Jenike, Sam Kovaka, Michael C Schatz, Ben Langmead

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Algorithms for molecular biology : AMB, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Approaches to Studying Viral Pangenome Variation Graphs.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephen HwangXDBio Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nathaniel K BrownDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Omar Y AhmedDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Katharine M JenikeDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sam KovakaDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Michael C SchatzDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ben LangmeadDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. langmea@cs.jhu.edu.

Funding

Democratization of Data Analysis in Life Sciences Through GalaxyU24HG006620 · NHGRI · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI Daniel James Blankenberg, Jeremy Goecks · 2021 to 2026
$9.8M
Methods for sequencing data analysis and archive-scale data science - RenewalR35GM139602 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Benjamin Thomas Langmead · 2021 to 2026
$5.0M
Personal and panel references for improved alignmentR01HG011392 · NHGRI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LANGMEAD, BENJAMIN THOMAS · 2020 to 2025
$4.2M
Integrative genomic and epigenomic analysis of cancer using long read sequencingU01CA253481 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SCHATZ, MICHAEL · 2021 to 2023
$1.1M
Human Frontier Science Program RGP0025/2021National Science Foundation 2216612NCI NIH HHS U01 CA253481NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG011392NHGRI NIH HHS U24 HG006620NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM139602NIH HHS R01HG011392NIH HHS U01CA253481
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pangenomes are growing in number and size, thanks to the prevalence of high-quality long-read assemblies. However, current methods for studying sequence composition and conservation within pangenomes have limitations. Methods based on graph pangenomes require a computationally expensive multiple-alignment step, which can leave out some variation. Indexes based on k-mers and de Bruijn graphs are limited to answering questions at a specific substring length k. We present Maximal Exact Match Ordered (MEMO), a pangenome indexing method based on maximal exact matches (MEMs) between sequences. A single MEMO index can handle arbitrary-length queries over pangenomic windows. MEMO enables both queries that test k-mer presence/absence (membership queries) and that count the number of genomes containing k-mers in a window (conservation queries). MEMO's index for a pangenome of 89 human autosomal haplotypes fits in 2.04 GB, 8.8

Indexed as

Comparative genomicsCompressed indexingPangenomics

Identifiers

PMID40025556
PMCPMC11871630

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.