Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40025059›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Impact of snowfall on emergency medical system and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Yuki Mori, Sakae Takenaka, Toshiyuki Nagai, Kohei Saiin, Akinori Takahashi, Yoshifumi Mizuguchi, Takao Konishi, Toshihisa Anzai, Daisuke Hotta, Mitsunori Kamigaki and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Yuki Mori *Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
Sakae Takenaka *Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
Toshiyuki NagaiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan. nagai@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
Kohei SaiinDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
Akinori TakahashiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
Yoshifumi MizuguchiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
Takao KonishiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
Toshihisa AnzaiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
Daisuke HottaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido Cardiovascular Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Mitsunori KamigakiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan.
Seiji YamazakiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sapporo Higashi Tokusyukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Tsutomu FujitaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sapporo Cardiovascular Center, Sapporo, Japan.
Takehiro YamashitaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sapporo Kojinkai Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Kandoh KawahatsuDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Teine Keijinnkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Takashi SuzukiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kin-Ikyo Central Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Yoichi NozakiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokko Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Taku SakuradaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Central Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Takashi TakenakaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, NHO Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan.
Yasumi IgarashiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Takao MakinoDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sapporo City General Hospital, Kita 11, Nishi 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan.
Sapporo city Acute Coronary Syndrome Network

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires rapid transportation by the emergency medical system (EMS). In snowy areas, traffic conditions may delay EMS transport times and increase mortality rate of ACS. However, there is a paucity of systemic data showing how snowfall affects the EMS and mortality in patients with ACS. This study aimed to investigate the impact of snowfall on the EMS transport times and in-hospital death in patients with ACS. We examined 2387 consecutive ACS patients who were transported via EMS to hospitals participating in the Sapporo City ACS network between April 2013 and April 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on their arrival on either a snowy day (n = 612, 26%) or a non-snowy day (n = 1775, 74%), as determined by historical weather records from the Japan Meteorological Agency for the Sapporo area. The median age was 68 years, 1754 (74.6%) patients were male. Patients in the snowy day group had longer median time from an EMS call to hospital than those in the non-snowy day group (33 min [IQR 26-40] vs. 29 min [IQR 24-36], P < 0.001). Quantity of snowfall was associated with a delayed time from EMS call to hospital. The proportion of in-hospital death was higher in the snowy day group compared to the non-snowy day group (7.3% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.011). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the snowfall was independently associated with higher incidence of in-hospital death (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.47, P = 0.048). In conclusion, snowfall had a significant impact on the EMS and mortality in patients with ACS in an urban city in Japan.

Indexed as

Acute Coronary SyndromeEmergency Medical ServicesSnowAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHospital MortalityHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedTime FactorsAcute coronary syndromeEmergency medical systemSnowfall

Identifiers

PMID40025059
PMCPMC11873150

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.