Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40025030›Full record

ArticleBone research2025

Apolipoprotein E is a marker of all chondrocytes in the growth plate resting zone.

Joe Kodama, Takeshi Oichi, Kevin J Wilkinson, Joshua M Abzug, Takashi Kaito, Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto, Masahiro Iwamoto, Satoru Otsuru

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bone research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Decoding growth hormone actions on human growth plate stem cells.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Bridging skeletal stem cell diversity and human skeletal modeling.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Short histological kaleidoscope - recent findings in histology. Part V. About tendons, ligaments, and cartilages.Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Joe KodamaDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-7772
Takeshi OichiDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8009-1648
Kevin J WilkinsonDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Joshua M AbzugDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Takashi KaitoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Motomi Enomoto-IwamotoDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-9607
Masahiro IwamotoDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Satoru OtsuruDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. sotsuru@som.umaryland.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9233-6614

Funding

Mechanism of growth deficiency in dominant forms of osteogenesis imperfectaR01AR075733 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI OTSURU, SATORU · 2020 to 2024
$1.7M
Lipid metabolism in the growth plateR01AR083363 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Satoru Otsuru · 2024 to 2026
$1.6M
Development of a novel therapy with Apolipoprotein E for osteogenesis imperfectaR21AR077654 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI OTSURU, SATORU · 2020 to 2021
$369k
Advanced components for an existing spinning disk confocal in an established core imaging facilityS10OD026698 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI BLANPIED, THOMAS A · 2019 to 2019
$274k
Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (MSCRF) 2023-MSCRFD-6160Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (MSCRF) 2023-MSCRFF-6176NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR075733NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR083363NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR077654NIH HHS S10 OD026698U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) R01AR075733, R01AR083363, R21AR077654
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The resting zone (RZ) in mammalian growth plates is critical for maintaining and regulating chondrocyte turnover during longitudinal bone growth as a control tower and stem cell reservoir. Although recent lineage tracing studies have identified several markers for stem cells in the RZ, these markers only partially label chondrocytes in the RZ, suggesting that the resting chondrocytes (RCs) are a heterogeneous population with different types of stem cells. Since a comprehensive marker for RCs is still lacking, the RZ is generally determined based on ambiguous histological criteria, such as small and round chondrocytes without columnar formation, which may lead to inconsistencies among researchers. Therefore, in this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of growth plate chondrocytes followed by validation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to precisely annotate cell clusters in scRNAseq and search for a marker of RCs. The scRNAseq analysis revealed that apolipoprotein E (Apoe) was the top-hit gene, which was ubiquitously expressed in the RC cluster. FISH confirmed that Apoe was exclusively localized to the histologically defined RZ. In newly generated Apoe

Indexed as

Apolipoproteins EChondrocytesGrowth PlateAnimalsBiomarkersFemaleHumansIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLApolipoproteins EBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID40025030
PMCPMC11873292

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.