Trial reportPsychological research2025
Cognitive, Neurophysiological, and Behavioral Adaptations in Golf Putting Motor Learning: A Holistic Approach.
Trial report in Psychological research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of EEG neurofeedback and training interventions on golf putting performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The Role of Nootropic Supplements in Sports: Enhancing Cognitive and Physical Performance Simultaneously.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesResearch indicates that the development of cognitive structures significantly influences motor learning. However, this perspective overlooks the broader nature of motor learning, which encompasses not only cognitive changes but also neurophysiological and behavioral factors. This study aims to simultaneously examine the intricate motor learning process through cognitive, neurophysiological, and behavioral lenses to achieve a more comprehensive understanding.
methodsThirty participants were randomly assigned to either a practice group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15) and tested at pre-, post-, and retention tests. The practice group underwent an acquisition phase involving three practice days (3 × 100 trials of a golf putting task), while the control group did not participate.
resultsA hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to group the basic action concepts into a coherent hierarchical structure, represented as a dendrogram. This dendrogram illustrated the relationships between basic action concepts. Analysis of mean group dendrograms revealed a significant increase in the organization of the cognitive structure within the practice group. EEG results indicated that the practice group's low and high alpha power increased significantly in frontal, central, and parietal areas (p < .05). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the practice group's motor performance errors decreased significantly (p < .05), while no changes were observed in the control group.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that motor learning involves simultaneous cognitive, neurophysiological, and behavioral adaptations. It appears that the motor learning process involves gradually constructing these structures over time, providing an extensive understanding of the motor learning process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40024952What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.