Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40023779›Full record

ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2025

Digital Marketing Claims and Their Association With the Perceptions of Parents of Children Under 2 Years Old of Commercial Milk Formulas in Mexico.

Valeria Aureoles-García, Mishel Unar-Munguía, Andrea Santos-Guzmán, Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Valeria Aureoles-GarcíaDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.ORCID 0009-0007-7470-9345
Mishel Unar-MunguíaDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-1156-9337
Andrea Santos-GuzmánDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Lizbeth Tolentino-MayoDepartment of Healthy Environments and Prevention of Chronic Diseases in the Life Cycle, Center for Research on Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Rafael Pérez-EscamillaDepartment of Social and Behavioral Science, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9416-8039

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We analysed digital marketing claims for commercial milk formula (CMF) and their association with parents' perceptions of the health and nutrition benefits of this industrialised product. The study sample consisted of 1074 parents ≥ 18 years old with internet access, with children < 2 years old, living in Mexico, who responded to an online survey between December 2020 and January 2021. The most frequent health-related, nutrition, technical, and emotional claims on websites and social media of major CMF brands, online pharmacies, and supermarkets were identified and linked to parents' potential exposure. The degree of favourable perception of CMF was estimated using a Likert scale and categorised as high versus low. Adjusted logistic regressions were used to assess the association between potential exposure to CMF claims and the parents' perceptions of these products. Parents who were potentially exposed to the following CMF claims on digital media: 'No sugar added' (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.14-2.0), 'Prevents diseases' (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.04-1.88), and 'Information related to COVID-19' (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.57-2.74) were more likely to have a positive perception of CMF compared to those not exposed to these claims. In conclusion, parents' potential exposure to health-related and nutrition claims from leading CMF brands on websites and social media in Mexico was associated with a favourable perception of these products. The results support the World Health Assembly resolutions not to allow nutrition and health claims for CMFs, as they can be used to promote these products as equivalent or superior to breastfeeding. Action is needed to ensure that prohibition of CMF claims applies to digital media, as recommended by recent global guidelines.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaMarketingParentsAdolescentAdultChild, PreschoolCOVID-19FemaleHumansInfantMaleMexicoNutritive ValuePerceptionSocial MediaSurveys and Questionnairesbreastfeedingbreast‐milk substituteschild healthclaimscommercial milk formuladigital marketingpublic health

Identifiers

PMID40023779
PMCPMC12150158

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.