Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40022593›Full record

ArticlePsychology and psychotherapy2025

"My entire life has moulded the person that I am": Narrations of non-suicidal self-injury and complex trauma in individuals with complex posttraumatic stress experiences.

Reem Alharbi, Susanne Langer, Cheryl Hunter, Nusrat Husain, Filippo Varese, Peter James Taylor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychology and psychotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Reem AlharbiDepartment of Psychology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4101-1745
Susanne LangerDepartment of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Cheryl HunterUniversity Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK.
Nusrat HusainDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Filippo VareseDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Peter James TaylorDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1407-0985

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious research suggests that complex trauma and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) experiences can contribute to the risk of developing and possibly maintaining Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Individuals' accounts of how complex trauma and subsequent development of C-PTSD experiences can contribute to the difficulties of NSSI remain underexplored. This qualitative study aimed to explore in-depth: (1) how individuals with C-PTSD experiences narrate life conditions and events that influenced their difficulties with NSSI over time and (2) what factors the individuals perceived to have helped the process of controlling their experience of NSSI. METHODOLOGY: This novel qualitative narrative study used an adapted version of the Free Association Narrative Interviewing Method (FANIM) to facilitate the exploration of the lived experiences of eight individuals aged 20-56 years. The initial data analysis involved an interpretation of individuals' stories followed by a thematic narrative analysis of 14 interviews to explore the shared and unique experiences narrated by participants.

resultsFour primary themes were established: (1) Voiceless, invisible, and out of control within the dysfunctional system during childhood, (2) "shaky foundation" leading to future traumas, (3) the link between complex trauma, mental health difficulties, and NSSI, and (4) Regaining autonomy and a sense of control in managing NSSI. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a flexible and person-centred treatment that addresses the specific needs of these individuals. The treatment plan should empower individuals to improve their control and autonomy and support them to live a meaningful life.

Indexed as

Self-Injurious BehaviorStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultFemaleHumansLife Change EventsMaleMiddle AgedNarrationQualitative ResearchYoung Adultcomplex PTSDNSSIself‐harmself‐injurythematic narrative analysis

Identifiers

PMID40022593
PMCPMC12346245

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.