ReviewInternational journal of dermatology2025
Pathogenesis of Melasma Explained.
Review in International journal of dermatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of Q-switched laser combined with intense pulsed light in treating melasma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of the Combination Therapy of Intense Pulsed Light and Microneedling With a Postbiotic Formulation for Melasma.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Bionic intelligent responsive barbed microneedles synergistically remodel the microenvironment for the treatment of refractory pigmentation disorders (melasma).Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Moranoline-EnrichedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Estrogen Promotes Melanogenesis Through Facilitating M2 Macrophage Skewing in Melasma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids carrying tranexamic acid to alleviate ultraviolet B-induced skin pigmentation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Innovative Nanocarriers: Elastic Aspasomes Loaded with Metformin Hydrochloride for Effective Management of Melasma: In Vitro Studies and Clinical Appraisal.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Beyond the boundaries of pigmentation and inflammation: understanding the mechanistic basis of melasma-rosacea comorbidity.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting Melasma: Innovations in Pigment Deposition and Photoaging in Cosmetic Dermatology.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of 675-nm Laser Monotherapy for Melasma in Fitzpatrick Skin Types III-V: A Prospective Pre-Post Intervention Study.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Q-Switched 1064 nm Fractional Laser with Intradermal Tranexamic Acid for Melasma: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- High Resolution Ultrasound for the Assessment of Melasma: Experience With 1064 nm Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Microneedling Combined with Tranexamic Acid-Arbutin Liquid Excipients in the Treatment of Melasma: A Retrospective Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Investigation into skin physiological parameters and mocroflora characteristics of melasma population in Lhasa China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review provides an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiology of melasma and highlights recent studies that elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Given the prevalence of melasma, a thorough understanding of its pathogenesis is critical for the development of effective treatment strategies. We analyzed the current literature to identify findings related to epidermal changes, basement membrane (BM) alterations, and various dermal modifications, including solar elastosis, mast cell activity, and vascular changes. We also examined the influence of visible light (VL) and hormonal fluctuations on melasma. This review intertwines these insights with an overview of contemporary treatment approaches. Our findings indicate advancements in understanding melasma's pathophysiology, highlighting significant changes in the epidermis and BM, along with dermal factors, such as vascular alterations, mast cell involvement, and senescent fibroblasts. We review the established mechanisms in the pathogenesis of melasma while incorporating recent scientific updates. Additionally, a survey of the available treatments targeting these novel mechanisms revealed promising therapeutic modalities currently under investigation. In conclusion, understanding the latest pathophysiological insights is crucial for enhancing clinician awareness and patient reassurance, as well as improving therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, ongoing research remains essential to elucidate the complexities of melasma further and optimize clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.