ArticleReproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene2025
Application of Staining Methods to Compare Chromatin Condensation in Fresh and Freeze-Thawed Dog Semen.
Article in Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative Evaluation of Staining Techniques in Thawed Cryopreserved Dog Semen.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- The Impacts of Mitoquinone Supplementation on Oxidative Status and Cryo-Survival of Cryopreserved Male Donkey (Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Protective effects of coenzyme Q10-supplemented cryopreservation medium on oxidative stress in frozen canine sperm.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Enhancement of pooled chilled semen quality in four Kintamani dogs through extenders enriched with different concentrations ofJournal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Various staining techniques have been used for canine sperm analysis, but direct comparisons using identical semen samples are lacking. This study aimed to assess the efficiency, time requirements and cost-effectiveness of different staining techniques: aniline blue, toluidine blue, acridine orange (AcO), chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d-UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Forty semen samples (20 fresh and 20 frozen-thawed) were used to assess chromatin condensation. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found using two-factor repeated measures variance analysis. Aniline blue staining differed significantly (p < 0.01) from toluidine blue, AcO and CMA3 staining. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between AcO and TUNEL staining for fresh sperm, with no significant differences between TUNEL and other methods. Correlations in fresh sperm samples showed r = 0.567 between AcO and aniline blue, r = 0.645 between AcO and CMA3, and correlations of 0.455 and 0.557 for aniline blue - toluidine blue and aniline blue - TUNEL, respectively. For frozen samples, significant differences were found between aniline blue and toluidine blue and AcO tests (p < 0.05), and between CMA3 and TUNEL staining (p < 0.01). Correlations in frozen samples showed r = 0.582 between AcO and aniline blue, r = 0.752 between AcO and CMA3, r = 0.698 between toluidine blue and aniline blue, and r = 0.536 between CMA3 and aniline blue. A minimal association was found between standard semen analysis and chromatin analysis. In conclusion, toluidine blue is effective for light microscopy staining, while CMA3 is recommended for fluorescence microscopy due to its simplicity, rapidity and cost-effectiveness.
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