Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40022223›Full record

ArticleConflict and health2025

Healthcare accessibility, utilization, and quality of life among internally displaced people during the Sudan war: a cross-sectional study.

Hind Elmukashfi ShamsEldin Elobied, Muhannad Bushra Masaad Ahmed, Ahmed Balla M Ahmed, Romaysa Abdelrahman Hassan Salih, Sohaib Mohammed Mokhtar Ahmed, Abdulhadi M A Mahgoub, Abdelmoula Hashim Abdelmagid Mohamed, Eman Hamid Abdallah Elamin, Al-Romaysa M Osman Khalafalla El-Haj, Mohamed Al-Hadi Hamed Abd-Allah and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Conflict and health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Epidemiology ofBMJ global health · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hind Elmukashfi ShamsEldin ElobiedFaculty of Medicine, Al-zaiem Al-azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Muhannad Bushra Masaad AhmedMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan.
Ahmed Balla M AhmedMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan. m.salahballa@gmail.com.
Romaysa Abdelrahman Hassan SalihMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan.
Sohaib Mohammed Mokhtar AhmedFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gadarif, Gadarif, Sudan.
Abdulhadi M A MahgoubMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan.
Abdelmoula Hashim Abdelmagid MohamedMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan.
Eman Hamid Abdallah ElaminMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan.
Al-Romaysa M Osman Khalafalla El-HajFaculty of Medicine, Al-zaiem Al-azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mohamed Al-Hadi Hamed Abd-AllahFaculty of Medicine, Al-zaiem Al-azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Arwa Yagoub Elmadani IbrahimMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan.
Yousuf Alnoor Younis MohamedMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan.
Arig Elias ShaboMedical Research Group, Khartoum, Sudan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe ongoing war in Sudan has triggered a massive displacement crisis, leaving internally displaced people (IDP) struggling to access healthcare services. This study aimed to investigate healthcare access, utilization, and the quality of life among Sudanese IDP during the conflict.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out among Sudanese internally displaced people in six states. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. Accessibility, utilization, and the consequences of not accessing healthcare were evaluated using an author-designed questionnaire, which was piloted prior to the study. Chi-square tests were used to analyze associations between categorical variables, while ANOVA was applied to assess differences in quality-of-life domains based on displacement duration and living conditions. Multinomial logistic regression identified predictors of healthcare affordability, with significance set at p < 0.05.

resultsAmong 612 participants, 40.3% reported facilities being very close, 13.0% faced waits over 2 h, and 54.3% found healthcare unaffordable. Only 33.6% always had access to qualified staff, and 22.8% of IDP visited public healthcare facilities supported by non-governmental organizations. The psychological domain had the highest quality-of-life mean score at 49.7 (18.1). Worsened symptoms (44%) were a common consequence of healthcare inaccessibility, while lack of transport (37.9%) was the most common barrier. Availability of qualified staff significantly increased the likelihood of seeking care (χ² = 11.30, p = 0.022). Quality-of-life domains varied significantly by displacement duration and living situation (p < 0.011).

conclusionThis study revealed significant variations in healthcare access and utilization among Sudanese IDP, with quality-of-life domains lower than those of IDP in other countries. Interventions should prioritize innovative solutions like telemedicine, targeted support for vulnerable groups, and expanding health insurance coverage to enhance access and long-term health outcomes.

Indexed as

AccessibilityHealthcareInternally displaced peopleQuality of lifeSudanUtilizationWar

Identifiers

PMID40022223
PMCPMC11871592

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.