ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
JN.1 variants circulating in Italy from October 2023 to April 2024: genetic diversity and immune recognition.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated Genomic and Epidemiological Surveillance to Monitor SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Italy: Insights From the JN.1 Case Study (2023-2024).Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying optimized spike protein confers broad protection against Omicron subvariants.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants poses significant public health challenges. The latest designated subvariant JN.1, with all its descendants, shows more than 30 mutations in the spike gene. JN.1 has raised concerns due to its genomic diversity and its potential to enhance transmissibility and immune evasion. This study aims to analyse the molecular characteristics of JN.1-related lineages (JN.1*) identified in Italy from October 2023 to April 2024 and to evaluate the neutralization activity against JN.1 of a subsample of sera from individuals vaccinated with XBB.1.5 mRNA.
methodsThe genomic diversity of the spike gene of 794 JN.1* strain was evaluated and phylogenetic analysis was conducted to compare the distance to XBB.1.5. Moreover, serum neutralization assays were performed on a subsample of 19 healthcare workers (HCWs) vaccinated with the monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA booster to assess neutralizing capacity against JN.1.
resultsSequence analysis displayed high spike variability between JN.1* and phylogenetic investigation confirmed a substantial differentiation between JN.1* and XBB.1.5 spike regions with 29 shared mutations, of which 17 were located within the RBD region. Pre-booster neutralization activity against JN.1 was observed in 42% of HCWs sera, increasing significantly post-booster, with all HCWs showing neutralization capacity three months after vaccination. A significant correlation was found between anti-trimeric Spike IgG levels and neutralizing titers against JN.1.
conclusionsThe study highlights the variability of JN.1* in Italy. Results on a subsample of sera from HCWs vaccinated with XBB.1.5 mRNA booster vaccine suggested enhanced neutralization activity against JN.1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.