SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2025
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in healthcare and community settings in West Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antimicrobial resistance among clinical Enterobacterales isolated from humans in Senegal: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1987 to 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- NIR-Assisted Multimodal Strategies for Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Rising antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in Türkiye: an urgent need for update on regional treatment strategies and for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship efforts.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Strategies to prevent cross-transmission of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in intensive care units: A narrative review.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Review
- Carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria and encoding genes among Vietnamese children with acute diarrhea.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Aminoglycoside Resistance Among Clinical Bacterial Isolates in Sétif, Algeria: Epidemiology, Multidrug Resistance, and Virulence Features.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A One-Health Perspective onEnvironmental health insights · 2026Review
- Microbial etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns in neonates admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Mogadishu, Somalia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Culture, qPCR, and genome-based surveillance ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance trends of ESKAPEE pathogens isolated from intensive care unit patients at a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: a retrospective study (2020-2024).Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- An Equity-Focused Systematic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance National Action Plans in 14 West African Countries.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- Surveillance on antimicrobial resistance: bacteriological monitoring and resistance profiles of isolates from surfaces and equipment at a Ghanaian tertiary healthcare facility.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Characteristics ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Prospective insights into acute cholangitis: microbial patterns, resistance, risk factors, and outcomes.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2025Article
- WHO-Point prevalence survey of antibiotic use in a Senegalese tertiary care hospital.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Supporting One Health policies to manage antibiotic resistance in Senegal: a systems analysis using group model building.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global health threat, notably in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in healthcare and community settings in West Africa.
methodsIn accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, and other databases for studies published from 2010 onward. Data on MDR bacterial prevalence, study characteristics, and infection types were extracted and analyzed via R software. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore differences in prevalence across infection settings and sample types.
resultsOut of the 5,320 articles identified, 50 studies from 13 West African countries met the inclusion criteria, with the majority from Nigeria (34%) and Ghana (22%). Among the 35,820 bacteria isolated in these studies, gram-negative bacteria (GNB), particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp., were the most frequently isolated species, accounting for 63.3% of the bacteria. The overall prevalence of MDR bacteria was 59% (95% CI: 48-69%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I² = 98%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a 7% increase in MDR bacteria prevalence from the first five-year period to the last two five-year periods, and a greater prevalence of MDR bacteria in nosocomial infections (65%, 95% CI: 45-81%) than in community-acquired infections (53%, 95% CI: 31-74%). The prevalence of MDR bacteria in mixed infection settings was 58% (95% CI: 44-71%). The MDR prevalence was highest in the urine samples (72%, 95% CI: 57-84%) and superficial skin samples (69%, 95% CI: 29-92%), whereas it was lowest in the nasopharyngeal samples (26%, 95% CI: 21-33%).
conclusionThe high prevalence of MDR bacteria in West Africa underscores the need for strengthened infection control measures, improved surveillance, and stricter antibiotic use policies. Enhanced regional collaboration is essential to mitigate the spread of AMR in both healthcare and community settings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023470363.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.