Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40021833›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2025

Rapid brain tumor classification from sparse epigenomic data.

Björn Brändl, Mara Steiger, Carolin Kubelt, Christian Rohrandt, Zhihan Zhu, Maximilian Evers, Gaojianyong Wang, Bernhard Schuldt, Ann-Kristin Afflerbach, Derek Wong and 19 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Surgical resection in medulloblastoma: a crossroads in the molecular era.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026
    Review
  5. The emerging role of intraoperative nanopore sequencing on the neurosurgical strategy in paediatric embryonal brain tumours.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Neurooncology: 2026 update.Free neuropathology · 2026
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Björn Brändl *Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-1355
Mara Steiger *Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-685X
Carolin KubeltDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Christian RohrandtDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Zhihan ZhuDepartment of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-4265
Maximilian EversAltona Diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
Gaojianyong WangDepartment of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
Bernhard SchuldtMathematische Modellierung, Entwicklung und Beratung, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Ann-Kristin AfflerbachInstitute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Derek WongMolecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Amy LumMolecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Skarphedinn HalldorssonVilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Luna DjirackorVilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Henning LeskeVilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Svetlana MagadeevaDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Romualdas SmičiusDepartment of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
Claudia QuedenauMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6846-4915
Nils O SchmidtDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Ulrich SchüllerDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8731-1121
Einar O Vik-MoVilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8303-4123
Martin ProescholdtDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Markus J RiemenschneiderBrain Tumor Center, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Gelareh ZadehMacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-4502
Ole AmmerpohlInstitute for Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Stephen YipMolecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-9861
Michael SynowitzDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Alena van BömmelDepartment of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. alena.vanboemmel@leibniz-fli.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-8586
Helene KretzmerDepartment of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. kretzmer@molgen.mpg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-4980
Franz-Josef MüllerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. franz-josef.mueller@uksh.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-8430

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) 13GW0347ABundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) 13GW0347CBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) 13GW0347D
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although the intraoperative molecular diagnosis of the approximately 100 known brain tumor entities described to date has been a goal of neuropathology for the past decade, achieving this within a clinically relevant timeframe of under 1 h after biopsy collection remains elusive. Advances in third-generation sequencing have brought this goal closer, but established machine learning techniques rely on computationally intensive methods, making them impractical for live diagnostic workflows in clinical applications. Here we present MethyLYZR, a naive Bayesian framework enabling fully tractable, live classification of cancer epigenomes. For evaluation, we used nanopore sequencing to classify over 200 brain tumor samples, including 10 sequenced in a clinical setting next to the operating room, achieving highly accurate results within 15 min of sequencing. MethyLYZR can be run in parallel with an ongoing nanopore experiment with negligible computational overhead. Therefore, the only limiting factors for even faster time to results are DNA extraction time and the nanopore sequencer's maximum parallel throughput. Although more evidence from prospective studies is needed, our study suggests the potential applicability of MethyLYZR for live molecular classification of nervous system malignancies using nanopore sequencing not only for the neurosurgical intraoperative use case but also for other oncologic indications and the classification of tumors from cell-free DNA in liquid biopsies.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsEpigenomicsBayes TheoremHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMachine LearningNanopore Sequencing

Identifiers

PMID40021833
PMCPMC11922770

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.