Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40021724›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Relationships of the serum levels of toxic trace elements in pregnant women versus exposure to second-hand smoke.

Kiomars Sharafi, Samaneh Nakhaee, Najmaldin E Hassan, Zohreh Manoochehri, Arezoo Haseli, Borhan Mansouri, Masoumeh Ariyaee, Kamran Tavakol

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kiomars SharafiSocial Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Policy and Promotion Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Samaneh NakhaeeMedical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Najmaldin E HassanCollege of Engineering, Civil and Environment Department, University of Zakho, Kurdistan region, Zakho, Iraq.
Zohreh ManoochehriSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Arezoo HaseliSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Borhan MansouriSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. borhanmansouri@yahoo.com.
Masoumeh AriyaeeSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Kamran TavakolCollege of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.

Funding

Deputy for Research and Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 4020860
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tobacco smoke contains many toxic heavy metals that cause adverse effects in humans. The association between second-hand smoke (SHS) and the toxic metals accumulated in pregnant women are still unclear. We measured trace element levels in the sera of pregnant women exposed to SHS and compared the data to those of unexposed pregnant women. Moreover, the data were contrasted with the anthropometric measurements (birth weight, birth length, and head circumference) of their newborn babies after delivery. Two groups of pregnant women were voluntarily recruited, and their blood samples were collected. Then, ten trace elements were measured in their sera, and the data were statistically analyzed using R version 4.0.3 software. The serum trace elements in the smoking subjects were higher than those of the non-smokers, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The SHS had adverse effects on some trace elements on the smokers' sera. The concentrations of Cr and Ni in mothers exposed to SHS (32.85-51.25) were significantly higher than those in the mothers unexposed to SHS (28.26-44.80; p < 0.05). The study found that some trace elements significantly affected the anthropometric measurements of infants born to mothers who were exposed to SHS (p < 0.05). Exposure of pregnant women to cigarette smoke had adverse effects on their newborns' body weights. The mothers who smoked had babies with lower weights. Also, the exposure to cigarette smoke might have caused some of the disorders during their pregnancy.

Indexed as

Maternal ExposureTobacco Smoke PollutionTrace ElementsAdultBirth WeightFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMetals, HeavyPregnancyYoung AdultMetals, HeavyTobacco Smoke PollutionTrace ElementsCigarette smokingNewbornPregnant womenTobacco smoke pollutionTrace elements

Identifiers

PMID40021724
PMCPMC11871138

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.