ArticleCurrent microbiology2025
Could Exotic Birds Play a Significant Role in the Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant Microorganisms?
Article in Current microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite limited studies, free-living birds are considered reservoirs of several diseases, including zoonotic diseases. Thus, we aimed to investigate the presence and characteristics of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. in wild birds assessing their potential risks to human and animal health. Fecal samples were collected from wild and exotic rescued birds, as well as exotic parrots from commercial breeding facilities. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. were not detected in the samples. E. coli was biochemically confirmed in 58.33% of the samples, resulting nine distinct isolates. PCR analysis identified no enteroinvasive or enteropathogenic E. coli strains, but two isolates were characterized as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). The isolates were inoculated into chicken embryos to determine their pathogenicity index, utilizing commensal and pathogenic E. coli strains as controls. All isolates demonstrated higher pathogenicity compared to probiotic bacteria and commensal E. coli. Specifically, two isolates exhibited pathogenicity levels comparable to the positive control (APEC ST131). Furthermore, for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, we evaluated 7 antibiotics: ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, colistin, and sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim. Four isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant and the highest level of resistance was to fluoroquinolones. This work demonstrated that wild or captive exotic birds can excrete potentially pathogenic and/or multidrug-resistant E. coli, which may impact the health of other animals and humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40021561What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.