ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025
Affective reinforcement of simultaneous versus single use of alcohol and cannabis.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perceptions of negative reinforcement in the natural environment: Characterizing subjective alcohol- and cannabis-contingent relief.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Behavioral phenotypes associated with cannabis and alcohol substitution.Harm reduction journal · 2026Observational
- Using Mobile Technology to Study Episodes of Alcohol Self-Administration in Daily Life: A Narrative Review.Current addiction reports · 2026Review
- Compliance with event-contingent ecological momentary assessments and subjective follow-ups during drinking episodes.Psychological assessment · 2026Article
- Affective Factors in the Co-Occurrence of Personality Disorders and Substance Use Disorders.Current addiction reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSimultaneous alcohol and cannabis use is prevalent among adults who drink alcohol and is associated with more negative consequences than use of either substance alone. Understanding reinforcement processes that maintain simultaneous versus single-substance use will highlight intervention targets specific to this pattern of use. In individuals' daily lives, we tested whether simultaneous use moments are associated with more affectively reinforcing outcomes compared to single use moments.
methodsWe used ecological momentary assessment with 6 + daily reports for 14 days. Participants were 88 adults ages 18-44 who reported simultaneous use at least twice per week. Mean age was 25.22 years and participants were 60.2 % female. At each momentary survey, participants reported alcohol and cannabis use, affect, momentary coping and enhancement motives, and subjective appraisals of use.
resultsSimultaneously using cannabis during alcohol-use moments attenuated the increase in negative affect that accompanied coping-motivated drinking (anxious mood b = -0.11, 95 % CI = [-0.19, -0.02], p = .016; depressed mood b = -0.14, 95 % CI = [-0.23, -0.05], p = .003). Simultaneously using cannabis during alcohol-use moments attenuated the positive association between enhancement drinking motives and subjective drinking-contingent pleasure (b = -0.34, 95 % CI = [-0.50, -0.18], p < .001).
conclusionsSimultaneously using cannabis during alcohol-use moments altered the subjective effects of alcohol, whereas simultaneously consuming alcohol during cannabis-use moments did not alter the subjective effects of cannabis. Individuals may perceive that simultaneous cannabis use mitigates undesirable effects of coping-motivated drinking, thereby driving simultaneous use of cannabis alongside alcohol.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.