Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40020340›Full record

Trial reportSchizophrenia research2025

Effects of visual remediation on Ebbinghaus illusion task performance in people with schizophrenia: A preliminary study.

Kaitlyn A Kaiser, Judy L Thompson, Pamela D Butler, Anthony O Ahmed, Aaron R Seitz, Tarek Sobeih, Steven M Silverstein

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Schizophrenia research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kaitlyn A KaiserDepartment of Psychology, University of Rochester, 500 Wilson Blvd., Rochester, NY 14611, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Electronic address: kaitlyn_kaiser@URMC.rochester.edu.
Judy L ThompsonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Pamela D ButlerClinical Research Department, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Anthony O AhmedDepartment of Psychiatry, Weill-Medical College of Cornell University, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
Aaron R SeitzDepartment of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Tarek SobeihInformation Sciences Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
Steven M SilversteinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Funding

Visual Remediation in SchizophreniaR33MH115119 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI KAHN, PAMELA BUTLER, SILVERSTEIN, STEVEN M · 2021 to 2023
$2.1M
Visual Remediation in SchizophreniaR61MH115119 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI KAHN, PAMELA BUTLER, SILVERSTEIN, STEVEN M · 2018 to 2019
$1.5M
NIMH NIH HHS R33 MH115119NIMH NIH HHS R61 MH115119
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAtypical perception of visual illusions is well-documented in schizophrenia (SZ) and thought to be a consequence of impairments in visual processes including perceptual organization (PO). The Ebbinghaus illusion, in which a circle appears larger or smaller depending on the size of surrounding circles, is facilitated by PO, and the extent to which the surrounds (i.e., context) influence perception of the center circle can be considered an index of context sensitivity. In the present study, as part of a broader investigation of the impact of a novel visual remediation (VR) program for people with SZ, the Ebbinghaus illusion was used to explore the effects of VR on context sensitivity.

methodsParticipants with SZ (n = 47) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: VR only, an active control condition (AC), or one of two conditions combining VR and AC. At three assessment points, participants completed a size comparison task based on the Ebbinghaus illusion. Context sensitivity was compared between training groups and with baseline clinical characteristics.

resultsAt baseline, participants were strongly context sensitive. After training, participants in the VR group, but not the AC-only group, became less influenced by context. The main effect of training group and the group × time interaction terms were not significant. Participants who were less symptomatic at baseline showed the greatest reductions in context sensitivity over time.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that an adaptive reduction in the influence of irrelevant context is a potential effect of VR and may reflect improved attentional focus.

Indexed as

Cognitive RemediationIllusionsOptical IllusionsSchizophreniaSchizophrenic PsychologyVisual PerceptionAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedCognitive remediationPerceptionPerceptual organizationPerceptual remediationRehabilitationSchizophreniaVisionVisual remediation

Identifiers

PMID40020340
PMCPMC11957926

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.