Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40020071›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Direct measurement of fluorocarbon radicals in the thermal destruction of perfluorohexanoic acid using photoionization mass spectrometry.

Ming-Gao Xu, Chen Huang, Long Zhao, Anthony K Rappé, Eric M Kennedy, Michael Stockenhuber, John C Mackie, Nathan H Weber, John A Lucas, Musahid Ahmed and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The PFAS roadmap-Navigating a path together to improved management.Sustainability science and technology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ming-Gao XuNational Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0404-9461
Chen HuangNational Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China.ORCID 0009-0003-3861-4454
Long ZhaoNational Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6585-0028
Anthony K RappéDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Eric M KennedyDiscipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
Michael StockenhuberDiscipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
John C MackieDiscipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7851-3055
Nathan H WeberOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0970-320X
John A LucasDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6594-7850
Musahid AhmedChemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1216-673X
Jens BlotevogelCSIRO Environment, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2740-836X
Wenchao LuCSIRO Environment, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3798-5128

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thermal destruction is a critical cornerstone of addressing the rampant contamination of natural resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, grave concerns associated with stack emissions from incineration exist because mechanistic studies have thus far relied on ex situ analyses of end products and theoretical calculations. Here, we used synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry to study the pyrolysis of a representative PFAS-perfluorohexanoic acid-and provide direct evidence of fluorocarbon radicals and intermediates. A key reaction pathway from perfluorocarboxylic acids to ketenes via acyl fluorides is proposed. We furthermore propose CF

Identifiers

PMID40020071
PMCPMC11870085

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.