Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40020060›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Norovirus co-opts NINJ1 for selective protein secretion.

Jaewon Song, Li Zhang, Seokoh Moon, Ariana Fang, Guoxun Wang, Newsha Gheshm, Skylar A Loeb, Paul Cao, Joselynn R Wallace, Mia Madel Alfajaro and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. NINJ1: implications for plasma membrane rupture and disease.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026
    Review
  2. Plscr1 inhibits murine norovirus entry.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The role of NINJ1 in diseases.Cell death discovery · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Jaewon SongDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9387-1942
Li ZhangDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Seokoh MoonDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2433-5759
Ariana FangDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-4493-1779
Guoxun WangDepartment of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8033-5980
Newsha GheshmDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-8899-0975
Skylar A LoebDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0213-5163
Paul CaoCenter for Computational Biology of Human Disease and Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Joselynn R WallaceCenter for Computational Biology of Human Disease and Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8842-4921
Mia Madel AlfajaroDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6402-2730
Madison S StrineDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8572-1314
Wandy L BeattyDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0715-7361
Amanda M JamiesonDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5781-9231
Robert C OrchardDepartment of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Bridget A RobinsonDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3332-9510
Timothy J NiceDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4471-7666
Craig B WilenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2495-9403
Anthony OrvedahlDepartment of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Tiffany A ReeseDepartment of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2325-6546
Sanghyun LeeDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0736-1648

Funding

RP5: Chemical proteomic discovery of small-molecule probes for autophagy proteinsU19AI142784 · NIAID · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI VIRGIN, HERBERT W · 2019 to 2023
$36.9M
The role of Sirtuins in neurodegenerative diseaseP20GM109035 · NIGMS · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI HOU, CHIEH · 2016 to 2025
$22.6M
Using Genomic Epidemiology to Identify Transmission Patterns and Inform Intervention Strategies for Antibiotic-Resistant N. GonorrhoeaeP20GM121344 · NIGMS · MIRIAM HOSPITAL · PI FREDERICKS, ALGER M · 2018 to 2022
$9.4M
Innate immunity to enteric virus infection by IFN?-stimulated-gene expressionR01AI130055 · NIAID · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI Timothy J. Nice · 2017 to 2026
$4.2M
The role of tuft cells in norovirus pathogenesisR01AI148467 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Craig Brian Wilen · 2020 to 2026
$3.9M
Defining Mechanisms for Parasite-Driven Effects on Gamma-Herpesvirus LatencyR01AI130020 · NIAID · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI Tiffany Anne Reese · 2018 to 2026
$3.7M
Influence of the lung microbiome on macrophage responses to lung damageR01HL126887 · NHLBI · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI JAMIESON, AMANDA M · 2018 to 2022
$2.4M
Overcoming host Genetic Redundancy and Pathogen Subversion to Define new host-viral InterfacesR35GM142684 · NIGMS · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI ORCHARD, ROBERT C. · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
Viral immune evasion during intestinal norovirus infectionR01AI183155 · NIAID · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI Sanghyun Lee · 2024 to 2026
$1.7M
Role of virus-receptor interactions in determining norovirus tropism and pathogenesis in vivoK08AI128043 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI WILEN, CRAIG BRIAN · 2017 to 2021
$940k
Role of Autophagy in Regulating Cytokine-Induced Macrophage Cell Death and Systemic Inflammatory ResponsesK08AI144033 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ORVEDAHL, ANTHONY W · 2020 to 2024
$836k
Entry inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by human LRRC15R21AI173821 · NIAID · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI LEE, SANGHYUN · 2023 to 2024
$460k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL126887NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI128043NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI144033NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130020NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130055NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148467NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI183155NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI173821NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142784NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM109035NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM121344NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM142684
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plasma membrane rupture by Ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) executes programmed cell death, releasing large cellular damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, the regulation and selectivity of NINJ1-mediated DAMP release remain unexplored. Here, we uncover that murine norovirus (MNoV) strategically co-opts NINJ1 to selectively release the intracellular viral protein NS1, while NINJ1-mediated plasma membrane rupture simultaneously bulk-releases various cellular DAMPs. Host caspase-3 cleaves the precursor NS1/2, leading to NS1 secretion via an unconventional pathway. An unbiased CRISPR screen identifies NINJ1 as an essential factor for NS1 secretion. During infection, NINJ1 is recruited to the viral replication site, where it oligomerizes and forms speckled bodies, directly interacting with NS1. Subsequent mutagenesis studies identify critical amino acid residues of NS1 necessary for its interaction with NINJ1 and selective secretion. Genetic ablation or pharmaceutical inhibition of caspase-3 inhibits oral MNoV infection in mice. This study underscores the co-option of NINJ1 for controlled release of an intracellular viral protein.

Indexed as

Caliciviridae InfectionsNorovirusViral Nonstructural ProteinsAnimalsCaspase 3Host-Pathogen InteractionsHumansMiceVirus ReplicationCaspase 3Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Identifiers

PMID40020060
PMCPMC11870086

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.