ArticlePloS one2025
Impact of COVID-19 on In-Patient and Out-Patient services in Bangladesh.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Data Volume and the Need for Clinical Decision Support in Glaucoma Care.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Utilizing RT-PCR for infectious disease diagnosis with emphasis on non-tuberculous mycobacteria in Bangladesh, 2019-2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Using DHIS2 routine data for health system preparedness in resource-limited settings: A Bayesian predictive approach in Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe global Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted healthcare systems, reducing access to medical services. In Bangladesh, strict lockdowns, healthcare worker shortages, and resource diversion further strained the system. Despite these challenges, the impact on inpatient and outpatient service utilisation in Bangladesh remains unaddressed. This study explored the levels of inpatient admissions and outpatient visits in public healthcare facilities before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of inpatient and outpatient data from all public hospitals collected via District Health Information System, version 2 (DHIS2) from January 2017 to June 2021. Using 2017-2019 as the baseline, we analysed healthcare utilisation indicators (outpatient visits and inpatient admissions) with descriptive and segmented Poisson regression to assess the impact of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021.
resultsIn 2020, outpatient visits and inpatient admissions significantly declined to 34.1 million and 37.5 million, respectively, from 47.6 million and 56.2 million in 2019. Segmented regression analysis confirmed these drops, especially in Dhaka (IRR = 0.62, p < 0.001) and Barisal (IRR = 0.69, p < 0.002) for outpatient visits, and in Dhaka (IRR = 0.64, p < 0.000) and Khulna (IRR = 0.70, p < 0.000) for inpatient admissions. In 2021, most divisions saw an increase in outpatient visit and inpatient admission numbers, with the lowest rebound in Sylhet.
conclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced Outpatient Department (OPD) visits and Inpatient Department (IPD) admissions in Bangladesh in 2020, with partial recovery in 2021. To ensure sustained access to care, it is crucial to strengthen healthcare facilities and equip healthcare providers to be prepared for future pandemics or emergencies.
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