ArticleReproduction (Cambridge, England)2025
Defining core signaling pathways for supporting in vitro maintenance of pig extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells.
Article in Reproduction (Cambridge, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- BMP4 and FGF2 promote heterogeneous priming including extraembryonic lineages in porcine expanded potential stem cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells can be derived from blastocyst primitive endoderm (PrE), becoming a useful tool for studying mammalian development, including early lineage segregation and embryo patterning. Establishment of stem cells representing the respective lineages in blastocysts has been robustly attempted in domestic animals, especially pigs, to reconstitute embryogenesis in vitro for comparative studies. Therefore, we developed a serum-free culture system for pig XEN cells by dissecting the signals governing the core gene network of the PrE lineage. The FGF, LIF and WNT signaling pathways and B27 supplements are essential for maintaining a rapid proliferation rate in pig XEN cells. These cells recapitulated the molecular features and differentiation capacity of the PrE lineage. Especially, the XEN cells incorporated into normal development, retaining cellular identity and contributing to the PrE lineage when injected into in vitro-produced porcine blastocysts. In addition, species-specific characteristics of pigs were observed, including the involvement of lipid metabolism and NANOG/GATA co-expression in XEN cells. Taken together, our findings can contribute to the expansion of the understanding of developmental biology and its biomedical applications by enabling reproducible and homogeneous porcine XEN cell culture.
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