ReviewNeuromolecular medicine2025
Leptin and Leptin Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.
Review in Neuromolecular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic modification of obesity-associated disability progression in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Frequency-selective thymic programming by early-life cold stress requires interferon regulatory factor 5.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting Lifestyle in CNS Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases: Insights from Diet and Exercise as Potential Disease Modifiers.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Immunometabolic profiling in menopausal women with multiple sclerosis: the role of adipokines and hormone therapy.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity, a pandemic health problem, is now considered as a chronic inflammatory state, related to many autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Thus, adipokines, inflammatory mediators secreted by adipose tissue, play an important role modulating the immune response. In this context, obesity, especially during adolescent age, seems to be a key factor for the development of multiple sclerosis. Leptin, the main pro-inflammatory adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue, has been found increased in patients with multiple sclerosis and is able to regulate the immune system promoting a pro-inflammatory response. Leptin signaling in both innate and adaptative immune cells might have immunomodulatory effects in the context of multiple sclerosis. In this way, leptin has been found to produce a Th1 and Th17 response, increasing M1 macrophages and decreasing regulatory T cells and Th2 response. Moreover, circulating inflammatory adipokines, such as leptin, have been found in people with multiple sclerosis. In the present work, we are reviewing literature to update the body of knowledge regarding the role of obesity and leptin in multiple sclerosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.