Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40019286›Full record

ArticleChemPlusChem2025

Enzymatic Synthesis of Functional PEGylated Adipate Copolymers.

Eleni Axioti, Emily G Dixon, Thomas Jepras, Fen Tin He, Peter J V Hartman, Bradley Hopkins, Vincenzo Di Bari, Jiraphong Suksiriworapong, Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti, Luciano Galantini and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ChemPlusChem, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Eleni AxiotiSchool of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0009-0006-6751-557X
Emily G DixonSchool of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0009-0005-5012-2326
Thomas JeprasSchool of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Fen Tin HeSchool of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Peter J V HartmanDivision of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
Bradley HopkinsSchool of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Vincenzo Di BariDivision of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
Jiraphong SuksiriworapongDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0001-5827-4707
Valentina Cuzzucoli CrucittiCentre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2538-6934
Luciano GalantiniDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5484-2658
Iolanda FrancoliniDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0180-2334
Robert J CavanaghSchool of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5639-3056
Vincenzo TarescoSchool of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4476-8233

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Programme Grant EP/W017032/1EPSRC/SFI CDT EP/S022236/1Sapienza University of Rome RG12218166483FFD
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many new active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) demonstrate high hydrophobicity and low water-solubility issues. In this regard, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively used as drug delivery carriers for the encapsulation of such APIs. One commonly used polymer is polyethylene glycol (PEG), owing to its biocompatibility, high water solubility, and capacity to prolong the drug residence time. However, concerns have arisen regarding PEG's immunogenicity and limited biodegradability. In addition, inherent limitations, including limited chemical handles can restrict PEG's effectiveness in physiological conditions. For this reason, in the present study, we combine the advantages offered by PEG with the use of an enzymatic synthetic route to produce novel PEGylated polyesters. Furthermore, it has been proven that incorporation of hydrophobic diols into the PEGylated backbone influences NPs formation, stability, and drug encapsulation, despite high chemical similarity. As a preliminary result, samples containing PEG and 1,6-hexanediol in a 50 : 50 ratio (PEGA-Hex 50 %) and PEG and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide in a 50 : 50 ratio (PEGA-SS 50 %) have proved to be the most promising candidates in this small library analysed. Both samples exhibited sufficient NPs stability, biocompatibility, and superior encapsulation efficiency compared to the other variants.

Indexed as

AdipatesDrug CarriersLipasePolyestersPolyethylene GlycolsPolymersHumansHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsNanoparticlesAdipatesDrug CarriersLipasePolyestersPolyethylene GlycolsPolymersDrug deliveryEnzymatic polymerizationNanoparticlesPEGPolycondensation

Identifiers

PMID40019286
PMCPMC12105458

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.