Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40018992›Full record

ArticlePediatric pulmonology2025

Changing Epidemiology of Pediatric Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis.

Yaron Fireizen, Mohamoud Ahmed, Timothy Vigers, Kathryn Akong, Julie Ryu, Andrea Hahn, Hani Fanous, Anastassios Koumbourlis, Pornchai Tirakitsoontorn, Antonio Arrieta and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric pulmonology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Epidemiology ofNew microbes and new infections · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Yaron FireizenDepartment of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Mohamoud AhmedUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Timothy VigersDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Kathryn AkongDepartment of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-8436
Julie RyuDepartment of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Andrea HahnDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-0080
Hani FanousDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Anastassios KoumbourlisDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-4885
Pornchai TirakitsoontornDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pulmonology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.
Antonio ArrietaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Orange County, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.
Elizabeth B BurgenerDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Division of Pulmonology, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jonathan KoffSection of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Jonathan D CogenDepartment of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-6858
Drake C BouzekDepartment of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Elin HanleyDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Allison KeckDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Dayna StoutRady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.
John BradleyDepartment of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Scott D SagelDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6172-4465

Funding

Bacteriophage as a predictive biomarker in chronic Pseudomonas airway diseaseK23HL169902 · NHLBI · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI Elizabeth Bendig Burgener · 2023 to 2026
$796k
NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL169902This research was supported by a Cystic Fibrosis Foundation student traineeship award to MA (AHMED23H0). EB was supported by 1K23HL169902-01.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleThe introduction of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), a highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy, to younger ages and the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly reduced pulmonary exacerbations requiring hospitalization among children with CF.

objectiveTo assess demographic and clinical characteristics of children and young adults with CF hospitalized for pulmonary exacerbations before and after pediatric ETI approval.

methodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at five United States CF Foundation-accredited care centers. Hospitalization data from children and young adults with CF in 2018 and 2022 were analyzed.

resultsHospitalizations decreased from 471 cases (241 individuals) in 2018 to 163 cases (110 individuals) in 2022. The racial distribution shifted, with more hospitalized patients identifying as people of color in 2022 (28% vs. 14%; p = 0.018). A greater proportion of hospitalized children in 2022 had two non-F508del mutations compared with children hospitalized in 2018 (38% vs. 19%) and were less likely to be infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Comparing 2022-2018, children on CFTR modulator therapy, including ETI (76%), showed reduced infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Achromobacter xylosoxidans.

conclusionsThe decline in hospitalizations for pulmonary exacerbations likely reflects the benefits of ETI therapy, as a higher proportion of children and young adults hospitalized in 2022 had two non-F508del mutations and were not eligible for ETI. A greater percentage of those hospitalized in 2022 identified as belonging to minority racial groups, highlighting ongoing health disparities in the ETI era. Additionally, there were notable changes in the microbiological characteristics between 2018 and 2022.

Indexed as

Cystic FibrosisHospitalizationAdolescentAminophenolsBenzodioxolesChildChild, PreschoolCOVID-19Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorDrug CombinationsFemaleHumansIndolesInfantMalePseudomonas InfectionsAminophenolsBenzodioxolesCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorDrug CombinationsIndolesPyrazolesQuinolonesairway infectionchildrenepidemiologyhealth disparitiespulmonary exacerbations

Identifiers

PMID40018992
PMCPMC12043277

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.