Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40018861›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

Bioinspired Nanoscale 3D Printing of Calcium Phosphates Using Bone Prenucleation Clusters.

Iman Roohani, Shuning Wang, Chaohui Xu, Peter Newman, Ali Entezari, Yichen Lai, Hala Zreiqat

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Iman RoohaniSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Shuning WangSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Chaohui XuSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Peter NewmanSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Ali EntezariSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Yichen LaiSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Hala ZreiqatSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-7711

Funding

Australian Research Council DP220102876Australian Research Council LE210100156
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are ubiquitous in biological structures, such as vertebrate bones and teeth, and have been widely used in biomedical applications. However, fabricating CaPs at the nanoscale in 3D has remained a significant challenge, particularly due to limitations in current nanofabrication techniques, such as two-photon polymerization (2pp), which are not applicable for creating CaP nanostructures. In this study, a novel approach is presented to 3D print CaP structures with unprecedented resolution of ≈300 nm precision, achieving a level of detail three orders of magnitude finer than any existing additive manufacturing techniques for CaPs. This advancement is achieved by leveraging bioinspired chemistry, utilizing bone prenucleation nanoclusters (PNCs, average size of 5 nm), within a photosensitive resin. These nanoclusters form a highly transparent photoresist, overcoming the light-scattering typically associated with larger calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles. This method not only allows for nanopatterning of CaPs on diverse substrates, but also enables the precise control of microstructure down to the level of submicron grains. The method paves the way for the developing of bioinspired metamaterials, lightweight damage-tolerant materials, cell-modulating interfaces, and precision-engineered coatings.

Indexed as

Bone and BonesBone SubstitutesCalcium PhosphatesNanostructuresPrinting, Three-DimensionalBone SubstitutesCalcium Phosphates3D Printingbioceramicsbiomimicrycalcium phosphatesnanofabrication

Identifiers

PMID40018861
PMCPMC11962677

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.