ArticleBMJ public health2024
International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial.
Article in BMJ public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04257773 (International REACH Forgiveness Intervention), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
International REACH Forgiveness Intervention
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A synthesis of RCTs on psychological interventions fostering strengths and virtues: Evidence from 21 systematic reviews.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2025Pooled it
- Sociodemographic variation in dispositional forgivingness: a cross-national analysis with 22 countries.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal associations of suffering with subsequent multidimensional well-being in the Global Flourishing Study.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Relationships Among Cognitive Distortions, Forgiveness of Others, and Self-Forgiveness in Psychiatric Outpatients with Depressive Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mental illness, mental health, and mental well-being.Npj mental health research · 2026Review
- Longitudinal associations of dispositional forgivingness with multidimensional well-being: a two-wave outcome-wide analysis in the Global Flourishing Study.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic variation and childhood predictors of showing love and care for others in 22 countries.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Multidimensional versus unidimensional approaches to well-being.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- Differential Effects of Decisional and Emotional Forgiveness on Psychological, Spiritual, Social, Volitional, and Physical Well-Being: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development of the Self-DirectedBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations of spousal support and strain with health and well-being: An outcome-wide study of married older U.S. Adults.Family process · 2025Article
- Development of the self-directed RECEIVE Forgiveness workbook: a Christian-sensitive resource to support experiencing reconciliation with God.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Childhood Predictors of Dispositional Forgivingness in Adulthood: A Cross-National Analysis with 22 Countries.Applied research in quality of life · 2025Article
- Moral controversies and academic public health: Notes on navigating and surviving academic freedom challenges.Global epidemiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether a brief self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention could alter forgiveness, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Design: A multisite randomised waitlist-controlled trial was conducted among 4598 participants. Recruitment occurred from 11 February 2020 to 30 September 2021. Final follow-up occurred on 25 October 2021. Setting: Participants were recruited from community-based samples in sites in Colombia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Africa, and Ukraine. Participants: Individuals (n=7837) were screened for eligibility. For inclusion, participants needed to be ≥18 years and have experienced an interpersonal transgression. The analytic sample consisted of n=4598 participants, median age 26 and 73% female. Interventions: At each site, participants were randomly assigned to either immediate receipt of a self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention, or to receipt after a 2 week delay. Main outcomes measures: The primary outcomes were unforgiveness (Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18), depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) measured at 2 weeks following intervention assignment. Results: At 2 weeks follow-up, unforgiveness was lower among the immediate-treatment group compared with the delayed-treatment group (standardised mean difference=-0.53 (95% CI=-0.58 to -0.47)); similar patterns were found for depression (standardised mean difference=-0.22 (95% CI=-0.28 to -0.16)) and anxiety symptoms (standardised mean difference=-0.21 (95% CI=-0.27 to -0.15)). Conclusions: A brief workbook intervention promoted forgiveness and reduced depression and anxiety symptoms. The promotion of forgiveness with such workbooks has the potential for widespread dissemination to improve global mental health. Trial registration number: NCT04257773.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.