Plume divergence characterization for electric propulsion via standard deviation and emittance.

McKenna J D Breddan, Richard E Wirz

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Journal of electric propulsion, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

McKenna J D BreddanMechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, los Angeles, 420 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, 90095 CA USA.

Richard E WirzMechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, los Angeles, 420 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, 90095 CA USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electric propulsion systems require careful consideration of plume divergence and evolution over a range of operating conditions and environments. Existing means of describing plume divergence such as outlines, plume profiles, and snapshots of the plume are dominated by outlier particles and do not provide reliable or quantitative insight. Proposed herein are two novel methods for describing plume divergence using

Indexed as

DivergenceElectric propulsionElectrosprayEmittance

Identifiers

PMID40017906

DOI10.1007/s44205-025-00113-5

PMCPMC11860994

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.