ReviewDrug testing and analysis2025
Biology and Management of Male-Bodied Athletes in Elite Female Sports.
Review in Drug testing and analysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The ontogeny of sex differences in exercise performance.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Biology and Management of Male-Bodied Athletes in Elite Female Sports.Drug testing and analysis · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The physical advantages in elite power sports that allow men to surpass women are derived from the experience of male puberty. By creating testicular testosterone production 20-30-fold over women at any age, sustained exposure over years to adult male testosterone concentrations produces larger and stronger muscles, bones, and the cardiorespiratory system with a higher blood hemoglobin explaining those advantages. While genetic advantages in exercise performance unrelated to sex are accepted in elite sports, adults who have experienced male puberty but have female gender identity, such as male-to-female transgender or intersex (XY Disorders of Sexual Development, DSD), create a category-defeating conflict if they compete in female power sports. Transgender women seek feminization using estrogen treatment, which can suppress postpubertal endogenous testosterone but even sustained complete testosterone suppression leaves an unfair legacy of physical advantages. By contrast, XY DSDs do not seek hormonal feminization and recognize that testosterone suppression impedes their performance. Hence, understanding the biology of male-bodied athletes with female gender identity is crucial to effective management, which is geared toward maintaining fairness and safety for typical women competing in elite female events. Such sex-based restrictions are not required in recreational, junior, or nonprofessional sports or where physical advantages are not operative. After the IOC's controversial 2021 Framework document, a growing consensus among major international sports federations is establishing a working definition of male and female sports sex to facilitate fairness and safety in elite sports, which depend on power, strength, speed, or endurance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.