Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40014093›Full record

ArticleZeitschrift fur Rheumatologie2025

A comparative assessment of rheumatoid arthritis burden: trends in China, the US, India, Europe, and globally from 1990 to 2021 and forecasts to 2030 utilizing GBD data.

Yi Yang, Xingping Ning, Lu Zhou, Lili Xie, Xiuling Zhang, Le Yu, Jingjing Shang, Xueqin Feng, Jie Ren, Xinwang Duan

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yi YangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Xingping NingDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Lu ZhouDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Lili XieNursing Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Xiuling ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Le YuDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Jingjing ShangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Xueqin FengDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Jie RenDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
Xinwang DuanDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China. dxw_efyfsmyk@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a pervasive chronic inflammatory condition exerting a substantial impact on global morbidity and mortality. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the epidemiological trends of RA across China, America, India, and Europe as well as at a global level from 1990 to 2021, with forward-looking projections extending to 2030.

methodsLeveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, a comparative assessment of the age-standardized (AS) incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), mortality rate (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) for RA was performed. Trends were evaluated and future burdens forecasted using Joinpoint regression and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models.

resultsBetween 1990 and 2021, a global upsurge in RA incidence was observed, with India experiencing the most rapid growth and America consistently recording the highest ASIR, albeit with a diminishing increment rate. The prevalence escalated across all regions, with America exhibiting the highest ASPR. Mortality rates generally trended downward, with India registering the highest ASMR by 2021, contrasting with the lowest rates in America and Europe. Disability trends, quantified by ASDR, exhibited relative stability, yet a notable increase was observed in India. ARIMA model-based projections anticipate a continued rise in RA incidence and prevalence by 2030, with mortality and disability rates anticipated to exhibit minor oscillations.

conclusionThe escalating burden of RA, particularly in developing nations, underscores an urgent need for enhanced healthcare policies focused on early diagnosis, intervention, and disability mitigation. The projections indicate enduring public health challenges attributed to RA in the forthcoming decade.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidCost of IllnessGlobal Burden of DiseaseAdultAgedChinaDisability-Adjusted Life YearsEuropeFemaleForecastingGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceIndiaMaleMiddle AgedARIMA modelingDisease incidenceGlobal epidemiologyMortality trendsRheumatoid arthritis

Identifiers

PMID40014093

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.