Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40013794›Full record

ArticlemSystems2025

Analysis of co-occurrence of type II toxin-antitoxin systems and antibiotic resistance determinants in

Michał Bukowski, Michał Banasik, Kinga Chlebicka, Katarzyna Bednarczyk, Emilia Bonar, Dominika Sokołowska, Tomasz Żądło, Grzegorz Dubin, Benedykt Władyka

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in mSystems, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Michał BukowskiDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3324-7272
Michał BanasikDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Kinga ChlebickaDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Katarzyna BednarczykDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Emilia BonarDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Dominika SokołowskaDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Tomasz ŻądłoDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Grzegorz DubinMalopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Benedykt WładykaDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9075-3529

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN) 2017/25/B/NZ6/01056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems consist of toxic proteins and their inhibitors, and were originally shown to ensure plasmid maintenance in bacterial populations. Over time, however, TA systems have also been identified on bacterial chromosomes, raising questions about their roles unrelated to plasmid stability. Among the eight currently recognized types of TA systems, type II has been the most extensively investigated. Type II systems are often found in pathogenic bacterial species, including staphylococci. IMPORTANCE: Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are entities unique to bacteria. They are involved in the maintenance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), regulation of gene expression and bacterial virulence.

Indexed as

Bacterial ToxinsDrug Resistance, BacterialStaphylococcus aureusToxin-Antitoxin SystemsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsHumansPlasmidsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsBacterial Toxinsantibiotic resistancegenome analysismobile genetic elementsStaphylococcusStaphylococcus aureustoxin–antitoxin system

Identifiers

PMID40013794
PMCPMC11915791

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.