ReviewJournal of virology2025
Pandemic risk stemming from the bovine H5N1 outbreak: an account of the knowns and unknowns.
Review in Journal of virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk assessment of avian influenza A(H5N5) virus from the first human case using the ferret model.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Host nucleolin-targeting unique peptide drugs as potent broad-spectrum anti-influenza therapies.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Trimester-dependent vertical transmission of H5N1 influenza virus through placental and mammary routes impairs offspring development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Isolation and characterization of a clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1 H5N1 virus from dairy cattle in Wisconsin.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Hemagglutinin E190D substitution in clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus reduces receptor binding and viral fitness.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Lack of respiratory droplet transmission of two recent human influenza A(H5N1) viruses in female ferrets.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026Article
- Emergence of D1.1 reassortant H5N1 avian influenza viruses in North America.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Primary bovine embryonic fibroblasts demonstrate variable fitness following infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 strains and are susceptible to a recently circulating human 2009 pandemic lineage H1N1 strain.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Advancing A(H5N1) influenza risk assessment in ferrets through comparative evaluation of airborne virus shedding patterns.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunological and virological questions for H5N1 pandemic emergence.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Review
- Quantifying viral pandemic potential from experimental transmission studies.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Current status of H5N1 influenza vaccines against clade 2.3.4.4b of H5N1.New microbes and new infections · 2025Article
- A comprehensive strategy for pandemic preparedness with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.mAbs · 2025Article
- Mammalian antiviral proteins ZAP and KHNYN can independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Mammalian ZAP and KHNYN can independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adaptation and Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Dairy Cattle: An Emerging Threat to Humans, Pets, and Peridomestic Animals.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Quantifying viral pandemic potential from experimental transmission studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Converging Transmission Routes of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Uruguay: Phylogeographic Insights into Its Spread Across South America.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Review of Avian Influenza Virus Exposure Patterns and Risks Among Occupational Populations.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Primary bovine embryonic fibroblasts support seasonal influenza A virus infection and demonstrate variable fitness of HPAI H5N1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
H5N1 subtype influenza A viruses represent a long-standing pandemic concern. Owing to their global occurrence in poultry, humans are routinely exposed to these viruses, and hundreds of human cases have been documented worldwide since 2003. The relevant viral lineages are not static, however, and have recently undergone a massive expansion of host range and geographic distribution. Within this expansion, the introduction of H5N1 viruses into dairy cattle in the United States has spawned a novel animal-human interface. In response, public health agencies have sought to evaluate the risk of an H5N1 pandemic stemming from the bovine outbreak. These assessments draw on evidence from the field and the laboratory to score a series of recognized risk factors. As such, their utility hinges on fundamental understanding of the processes that drive pandemic emergence and the availability of relevant data. Advancing this understanding and gathering data prior to and during an outbreak are primary missions of the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR) Network. To further these goals and highlight the need for an invigorated response across US agencies, here, we review gaps in understanding of the dairy cattle outbreak and identify constraints on efforts to close these gaps.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.