Observational studyArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2025
Sex-Divergent Blood Pressure Associations With Multiorgan System Metabolic Stress-Brief Report.
Observational study in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Endogenous and exogenous determinants of sex differences in blood pressure.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Metabolite-Immune Circuits of Neuroinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The role of sex differences in cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune functions in health and disease: a review for "Sex Differences in Health Awareness Day".Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen experience excess cardiovascular risk compared with men in the setting of similar metabolic disease burden. We aimed to examine sex differences in the vascular response to various forms of metabolic stress.
methodsWe conducted an observational study of 4299 adult participants (52% women, aged 59±13 years) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017 to 2018 cohort and 110 225 adult outpatients (55% women, aged 64±16 years) from the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in 2019. We used natural splines to examine the association of systemic and organ-specific measures of metabolic stress including body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, hepatic FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4) score, and CKD-EPI estimated glomerular filtration rate with systolic blood pressure (SBP). Piecewise linear models were generated using normal value thresholds (body mass index <25 kg/m
resultsWomen compared with men demonstrated larger magnitudes and an earlier onset of increase in SBP per increment increase across all metabolic stress measures. The slope of SBP increase per increment of each metabolic measure was greater for women than men particularly for metabolic measures within the normal range, with slope differences of 1.86 mm Hg per kg/m
conclusionsWomen exhibited greater SBP alteration in the setting of multiple types of metabolic stress, particularly in periods representing the transition from metabolic health to disease. These findings suggest potential benefit of early metabolic health interventions as part of efforts to mitigate vascular risks in both women and men.
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Registered trials
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