Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40013045›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Development and validation of the multi-dimensional health resilience scale for community-dwelling adults.

Lixia Ge, Wan Fen Yip, Ruijie Li, Eric Siang Seng Chua, Moon-Ho R Ho, Andy Hau Yan Ho, Evon Yiwen Chua, Dolly Cheng, Ian Yi Onn Leong, Pann Pei Chieh and 1 more

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lixia GeHealth Services and Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.
Wan Fen YipHealth Services and Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.
Ruijie LiHealth Services and Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.
Eric Siang Seng ChuaHealth Services and Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.
Moon-Ho R HoSchool of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Andy Hau Yan HoSchool of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Evon Yiwen ChuaPopulation Health & Community Transformation, Yishun Health, Singapore, Singapore.
Dolly ChengClinical Operations (Integration Care), Woodlands Health, Singapore, Singapore.
Ian Yi Onn LeongContinuing and Community Care, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Pann Pei ChiehHealth Services and Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.
Woan Shin TanHealth Services and Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Resilience measures generally are not health specific, nor do they account for the multiple dimensions required for individuals to overcome health challenges. To bridge this gap, we developed and validated a multi-dimensional Health Resilience Scale (HRS) for community-dwelling adults in Singapore. Methods: We followed standard procedures to develop health resilience construct, identify dimensions, and generate potential items. Expert review and cognitive interviews were conducted to assess content validity and item clarity. The refined 35-item HRS was administered to 650 eligible community-dwelling adults in a cross-sectional survey, along with validation measures, to assess construct validity (including factorial, concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity) and internal consistency reliability. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors with 22 items, each factor containing 3 to 5 items. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five-factor structure with good model fit. The five factors identified in the analysis were conceptualised as the following dimensions of the HRS: "Health mindset," "Perceived health access," "Social resourcefulness," "Relational support," and "Adaptive adjustment." The dimensions of "Health mindset," "Perceived health access," and "Adaptive adjustment" exhibited moderate and positive correlations with psychological resilience (concurrent validity) as well as hope and self-efficacy (convergent validity). All dimensions had weak or no correlation with maladaptive coping, depression, and anxiety measures (divergent validity). Individuals with better health status scored higher, while those with recent health adversity scored lower on the HRS, confirming divergent validity. Internal consistency reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha exceeding 0.80 for the total scale and ranging from 0.73 to 0.88 for individual dimensions. Conclusion: The 22-item multi-dimensional HRS demonstrated good reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for assessing health resilience and guiding initiatives aimed to enhance well-being among community members.

Indexed as

Independent LivingResilience, PsychologicalAdaptation, PsychologicalAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSingaporeSurveys and Questionnairesassessmenthealth resilienceinstrument developmentmeasurepsychometric propertiesscalevalidation

Identifiers

PMID40013045
PMCPMC11864133

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.